Depression, Anxiety, and Lifestyle Among Essential Workers: A Web Survey From Brazil and Spain During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Autor(es)

De Boni, Raquel Brandini ^[1] ; Balanza-Martinez, Vicent ^[2] ; Mota, Jurema Correa ^[1] ; Cardoso, Taiane De Azevedo ^[3] ; Ballester, Pedro ^[4] ; Atienza-Carbonell, Beatriz ^[5] ; Bastos, I, Francisco ; Kapczinski, Flavio ^{[6, 3, 7]}

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] I, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Sci & Technol Commun & Informat Hlth, Av Brasil 4365 Pavilhao Haity Moussatche, Room 229, BR-21040360 Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[2] Univ Valencia, Dept Med, CIBERSAM, Valencia - Spain

^[3] McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON - Canada

^[4] McMaster Univ, Neurosci Grad Program, Hamilton, ON - Canada

^[5] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Valencia - Spain

^[6] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Psychiat, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil

^[7] Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Translac Med, Lab Mol Psychiat, Bipolar Disorder Program, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH; v. 22, n. 10 OCT 30 2020.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Background: Essential workers have been shown to present a higher prevalence of positive screenings for anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals from countries with socioeconomic inequalities may be at increased risk for mental health disorders. Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity among essential workers in Brazil and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web survey was conducted between April and May 2020 in both countries. The main outcome was a positive screening for depression only, anxiety only, or both. Lifestyle was measured using a lifestyle multidimensional scale adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic (Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation-Confinement). A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the factors associated with depression, anxiety, and the presence of both conditions. Results: From the 22,786 individuals included in the web survey, 3745 self-reported to be essential workers. Overall, 8.3% (n=311), 11.6% (n=434), and 27.4% (n=1027) presented positive screenings for depression, anxiety, and both, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the multinomial model showed that an unhealthy lifestyle increased the likelihood of depression (adjusted odds ratio {[}AOR] 4.00, 95% CI 2.72-5.87), anxiety (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.80-3.20), and both anxiety and depression (AOR 8.30, 95% CI 5.90-11.7). Living in Brazil was associated with increased odds of depression (AOR 2.89, 95% CI 2.07-4.06), anxiety (AOR 2.81, 95%CI 2.11-3.74), and both conditions (AOR 5.99, 95% CI 4.53-7.91). Conclusions: Interventions addressing lifestyle may be useful in dealing with symptoms of common mental disorders during the strain imposed among essential workers by the COVID-19 pandemic. Essential workers who live in middle-income countries with higher rates of inequality may face additional challenges. Ensuring equitable treatment and support may be an important challenge ahead, considering the possible syndemic effect of the social determinants of health. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 14/50891-1 - INCT 2014: Translacional em Medicina
• Beneficiário: Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático