The homeostatic role of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide in the vasculature

Autor(es)

Costa, Tiago J. ^[1] ; Barros, Paula Rodrigues ^[1] ; Arce, Cristina ^{[2, 3, 4]} ; Santos, Jeimison Duarte ^[1] ; da Silva-Neto, Julio ^[1] ; Egea, Gustavo ^{[2, 3, 4]} ; Paula Dantas, Ana ^[5] ; Tostes, Rita C. ^[1] ; Jimenez-Altayo, Francesc ^[6]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Pharmacol Dept, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Barcelona, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Barcelona - Spain

^[3] Univ Barcelona, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer IDIBAPS, Barcelona - Spain

^[4] Univ Barcelona, Inst Nanociencies & Nanotecnol IN2UB, Barcelona - Spain

^[5] Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer IDIBAPS, Inst Clin Torax, Barcelona - Spain

^[6] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Sch Med, Neurosci Inst, Dept Pharmacol Therapeut & Toxicol, Barcelona - Spain

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: Free Radical Biology and Medicine; v. 162, p. 615-635, JAN 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 2

Resumo

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced in a wide range of physiological reactions that, at low concentrations, play essential roles in living organisms. There is a delicate equilibrium between formation and degradation of these mediators in a healthy vascular system, which contributes to maintaining these species under non-pathological levels to preserve normal vascular functions. Antioxidants scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to prevent or reduce damage caused by excessive oxidation. However, an excessive reductive environment induced by exogenous antioxidants may disrupt redox balance and lead to vascular pathology. This review summarizes the main aspects of free radical biochemistry (formation, sources and elimination) and the crucial actions of some of the most biologically relevant and well-characterized reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and nitric oxide) in the physiological regulation of vascular function, structure and angiogenesis. Furthermore, current preclinical and clinical evidence is discussed on how excessive removal of these crucial responses by exogenous antioxidants (vitamins and related compounds, polyphenols) may perturb vascular homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide information of the crucial physiological roles of oxidation in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells and perivascular adipose tissue for developing safer and more effective vascular interventions with antioxidants. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/08216-2 - CPDI - Centro de Pesquisa em Doenças Inflamatórias
• Beneficiário: Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão - CEPIDs