Risk factors and future directions for preventing and diagnosing exertional rhabdomyolysis

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Carneiro, Andreia ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Viana-Gomes, Diego ^[4] ; Macedo-da-Silva, Janaina ^[1] ; Oliveira Lima, Giscard Humberto ^{[5, 6]} ; Mitri, Simone ^[7] ; Alves, Sergio Rabello ^[7] ; Kolliari-Turner, Alexander ^[8] ; Zanoteli, Edmar ^[9] ; de Aquino Neto, Francisco Radler ^[10] ; Palmisano, Giuseppe ^[1] ; Pesquero, Joao Bosco ^[6] ; Moreira, Josino Costa ^[7] ; Pereira, Marcos Dias ^[2]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, Cidade Univ, Ave Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, BR-21941909 Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[3] Diretoria Sistemas Armas Marinha, Dept Quim, Marinha Do Brazil - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Corridas, Escola Educ Fis, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biofis, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[6] Univ Rome Foro Italico, Dept Movement Human & Hlth Sci, Rome - Italy

^[7] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Ecol Humana & Saude Trabalhador, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[8] Univ Brighton, Sch Sport & Serv Management, Eastbourne - England

^[9] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Neurol, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[10] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Quim, Lab Desenvolvimento Tecnol, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: Neuromuscular Disorders; v. 31, n. 7, p. 583-595, JUL 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Exertional rhabdomyolysis may occur when an individual is subjected to strenuous physical exercise. It is occasionally associated with myoglobinuria (i.e. ``cola-colored{''} urine) alongside muscle pain and weakness. The pathophysiology of exertional rhabdomyolysis involves striated muscle damage and the release of cellular components into extracellular fluid and bloodstream. This can cause acute renal failure, electrolyte abnormalities, arrhythmias and potentially death. Exertional rhabdomyolysis is observed in high-performance athletes who are subjected to intense, repetitive and/or prolonged exercise but is also observed in untrained individuals and highly trained or elite groups of military personnel. Several risk factors have been reported to increase the likelihood of the condition in athletes, including: viral infection, drug and alcohol abuse, exercise in intensely hot and humid environments, genetic polymorphisms (e.g. sickle cell trait and McArdle disease) and epigenetic modifications. This article reviews several of these risk factors and proposes screening protocols to identify individual susceptibility to exertional rhabdomyolysis as well as the relevance of proteomics for the evaluation of potential biomarkers of muscle damage. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)

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