Time Course and Role of Exercise-Induced Cytokines in Muscle Damage and Repair After a Marathon Race

Autor(es)

Zocoler de Sousa, Cesar Augustus ^[1] ; Renno Sierra, Ana Paula ^[2] ; Martinez Galan, Bryan Steve ^[1] ; de Sousa Maciel, Jaqueline Fernanda ^[1] ; Manoel, Richelieau ^[1] ; Barbeiro, Hermes Vieira ^[3] ; de Souza, Heraldo Possolo ^[3] ; Cury-Boaventura, Maria Fernanda ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Cruzeiro Do Sul Univ, Inst Phys Act & Sports Sci, Interdisciplinary Postgrad Program Hlth Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Phys Educ & Sport, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Emergency Med Dept, LIM 51, Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY; v. 12, OCT 15 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Endurance exercise induces an increase in the expression of exercise-induced peptides that participate in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscles. The present study aimed to evaluate the time course and role of exercise-induced cytokines in muscle damage and repair after a marathon race. Fifty-seven Brazilian male amateur marathon finishers, aged 30-55 years, participated in this study. The blood samples were collected 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 and 72 h after the Sao Paulo International Marathon. The leukogram and muscle damage markers were analyzed using routine automated methodology in the clinical laboratory. The plasma levels of the exercise-induced cytokines were determined using the Human Magnetic Bead Panel or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays {[}decorin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15)]. A muscle damage was characterized by an increase in plasma myocellular proteins and immune changes (leukocytosis and neutrophilia). Running the marathon increased interleukin (IL)-6 (4-fold), IL-8 (1.5-fold), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (2.4-fold), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (1.5-fold), IL-10 (11-fold), decorin (1.9-fold), GDF-15 (1.8-fold), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (2.7-fold), follistatin (2-fold), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-21) (3.4-fold) plasma levels. We also observed a reduction in musclin, myostatin, IL-15, and apelin levels immediately after the race (by 22-36%), 24 h (by 26-52%), and 72 h after the race (by 25-53%). The changes in BDNF levels were negatively correlated with the variations in troponin levels (r = -0.36). The variations in IL-6 concentrations were correlated with the changes in follistatin (r = 0.33) and FGF-21 (r = 0.31) levels after the race and with myostatin and irisin levels 72 h after the race. The changes in IL-8 and IL-10 levels had positive correlation with variation in musclin (p < 0.05). Regeneration of exercise-induced muscle damage involves the participation of classical inflammatory mediators, as well as GDF-15, BDNF, follistatin, decorin, and FGF-21, whose functions include myogenesis, mytophagia, satellite cell activation, and downregulation of protein degradation. The skeletal muscle damage markers were not associated to myokines response. However, BDNF had a negative correlation with a myocardial damage marker. The classical anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6) induced by exercise are associated to myokines response immediately after the race and in the recovery period and may affect the dynamics of muscle tissue repair.</p> (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/26269-0 - Mediadores envolvidos na recuperação muscular após exercícios de longa-distância: papel do polimorfismo BDKB2R +9-9 e ACE I/D
• Beneficiário: Maria Fernanda Cury Boaventura
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular