Integrative taxonomy reveals a new species of Neotropical headstanding fish in genus Schizodon (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Autor(es)

Garavello, Julio C. ^[1] ; Ramirez, Jorge L. ^[2] ; de Oliveira, Alexandre K. ^[3] ; Britski, Heraldo A. ^[4] ; Birindelli, Jose L. O. ^[5] ; Galetti, Jr., Pedro M. ^[6]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ecol & Biol Evolut, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Fac Ciencias Biol, Calle German Amezaga 375, Lima - Peru

^[3] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ciencias Ambienlais, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235 Caixa Postal 676, BR-13595905 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, Caixa Postal 42494, BR-04218970 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Biol Anim & Vegetal, Caixa Postal 10011, BR-86057970 Londrina, Parana - Brazil

^[6] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, BR-13595905 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Neotropical Ichthyology; v. 19, n. 4 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Abstract Schizodon encompasses approximately 15 species of Neotropical headstanding fishes. Integrative taxonomy, combining molecular and morphometric analyses with traditional taxonomic methods, was used to investigate Schizodon vittatus and its potential new sister species. Molecular differences between the two species in the barcode are greater than intra-specific variation recovered in species of Schizodon, and the two species represent distinct lineages for approximately one million years. The two species are morphologically very similar, and the meristic data showed great overlap. Morphometric analyses also showed overlap among the putative species but indicated differences in caudal-peduncle depth, orbital diameter, and length of anal-fin rays. Color pattern seems to provide a clear diagnostic feature for the two species. Schizodon vittatus usually has four dark brown transversal bars on body, and its sister species has three conspicuous bars, with the fourth, if present, inconspicuous and dorsal to the lateral line. Schizodon vittatus is redescribed based on the type and recently collected specimens, its type locality is revisited, and its known distribution restricted to the Araguaia and Tocantins drainages. The new species, sister to S. vittatus, distributed in the Xingu and Tapajós drainages, is described. A key for the identification of the Amazon clade species of Schizodon is provided. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/04388-7 - Revisão das espécies nominais da ictiofauna de rios do estado de São Paulo através de análises morfológicas e moleculares de topotipos, incluindo a caracterização da diversidade ictiológica remanescente nas localidades-tipo e suas proximidades
• Beneficiário: Julio Cesar Garavello
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Regular