Energetic overturning flows, dynamic interocean exchanges, and ocean warming observed in the South Atlantic

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Chidichimo, Maria Paz ; Perez, Renellys C. C. ; Speich, Sabrina ; Kersale, Marion ; Sprintall, Janet ; Dong, Shenfu ; Lamont, Tarron ; Sato, Olga T. T. ; Chereskin, Teresa K. K. ; Hummels, Rebecca ; Schmid, Claudia

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT; v. 4, n. 1, p. 20-pg., 2023-01-19.

Resumo

The overturning circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean is driven by winds, pressure and density gradients, interocean exchanges, and eddies that vary spatially and temporally. A synthesis of observations reveals that waters that engage in this circulation are experiencing pronounced warming. Since the inception of the international South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation initiative in the 21st century, substantial advances have been made in observing and understanding the Southern Hemisphere component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here we synthesize insights gained into overturning flows, interocean exchanges, and water mass distributions and pathways in the South Atlantic. The overturning circulation in the South Atlantic uniquely carries heat equatorward and exports freshwater poleward and consists of two strong overturning cells. Density and pressure gradients, winds, eddies, boundary currents, and interocean exchanges create an energetic circulation in the subtropical and tropical South Atlantic Ocean. The relative importance of these drivers varies with the observed latitude and time scale. AMOC, interocean exchanges, and climate changes drive ocean warming at all depths, upper ocean salinification, and freshening in the deep and abyssal ocean in the South Atlantic. Long-term sustained observations are critical to detect and understand these changes and their impacts. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/00451-6 - Recuperação de lantanídeos e outros metais de lixo eletrônico (RECOLA)
• Beneficiário: Ariane Tiemi Mitsuhara
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Programa Capacitação - Treinamento Técnico
• Processo FAPESP: 18/00452-2 - Aplicações científicas com suporte à escalabilidade e eficiência
• Beneficiário: Hermes Senger
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular