Effect of Subthalamic Stimulation and Electrode Implantation in the Striatal Microenvironment in a Parkinson's Disease Rat Model

Autor(es)

Pinheiro Campos, Ana Carolina ; Ruiz Martinez, Raquel Chacon ; Vatti Auada, Aline Vivian ; Lebrun, Ivo ; Fonoff, Erich Talamoni ; Hamani, Clement ; Pagano, Rosana Lima

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES; v. 23, n. 20, p. 17-pg., 2022-10-01.

Resumo

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered the gold-standard treatment for PD; however, underlying therapeutic mechanisms need to be comprehensively elucidated, especially in relation to glial cells. We aimed to understand the effects of STN-microlesions and STN-DBS on striatal glial cells, inflammation, and extracellular glutamate/GABAergic concentration in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat model. Rats with unilateral striatal 6-OHDA and electrodes implanted in the STN were divided into two groups: DBS OFF and DBS ON (5 days/2 h/day). Saline and 6-OHDA animals were used as control. Akinesia, striatal reactivity for astrocytes, microglia, and inflammasome, and expression of cytokines, cell signaling, and excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT)-2 were examined. Moreover, striatal microdialysis was performed to evaluate glutamate and GABA concentrations. The PD rat model exhibited akinesia, increased inflammation, glutamate release, and decreased glutamatergic clearance in the striatum. STN-DBS (DBS ON) completely abolished akinesia. Both STN-microlesion and STN-DBS decreased striatal cytokine expression and the relative concentration of extracellular glutamate. However, STN-DBS inhibited morphological changes in astrocytes, decreased inflammasome reactivity, and increased EAAT2 expression in the striatum. Collectively, these findings suggest that the beneficial effects of DBS are mediated by a combination of stimulation and local microlesions, both involving the inhibition of glial cell activation, neuroinflammation, and glutamate excitotoxicity. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 16/07168-2 - Estimulação cerebral profunda e Doença de Parkinson: controle da neuroinflamação como alvo terapêutico
• Beneficiário: Ana Carolina Pinheiro Campos
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado
• Processo FAPESP: 18/18695-9 - Estimulação cerebral profunda e Doença de Parkinson: controle da neuroinflamação como alvo terapêutico
• Beneficiário: Ana Carolina Pinheiro Campos
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto
• Processo FAPESP: 19/13781-7 - Análise translacional dos mecanismos terapêuticos da estimulação cerebral profunda na Doença de Parkinson
• Beneficiário: Rosana de Lima Pagano
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular