Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses in Brazil: insights from a nationwide analysis

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Brcko, Isabela Carvalho ; de Souza, Vinicius Carius ; Ribeiro, Gabriela ; Lima, Alex Ranieri Jeronimo ; Martins, Antonio Jorge ; Barros, Claudia Renata dos Santos ; de Carvalho, Eneas ; Pereira, James Siqueira ; de Lima, Loyze Paola Oliveira ; Viala, Vincent Louis ; Kashima, Simone ; La Roque, Debora Glenda Lima de ; Santos, Elaine Vieira ; Rodrigues, Evandra Strazza ; Nunes, Juliana Almeida ; Torres, Leandro Spalato ; Caldeira, Luiz Artur Vieira ; Palmieri, Melissa ; Medina, Caio Genovez ; de Arruda, Raphael Augusto ; Lopes, Renata Beividas ; Sobrinho, Geraldo Reple ; Jorge, Daniel Macedo de Melo ; Arruda, Eurico ; Mendes, Eladja Christina Bezerra da Silva ; Santos, Hazerral de Oliveira ; Mello, Arabela Leal e Silva de ; Pereira, Felicidade Mota ; Gomez, Marcela Kelly Astete ; Nardy, Vanessa Brandao ; Henrique, Brenno ; Vieira, Lucas Luiz ; Roll, Mariana Matos ; de Oliveira, Elaine Cristina ; Almeida, Julia Deffune Profeta Cidin ; Silva, Stephanni Figueiredo da ; Borges, Gleissy Adriane Lima ; Furtado, Katia Cristina de Lima ; Costa, Patricia Miriam Sayuri Sato Barros da ; Chagas, Shirley Moreira da Silva ; Kallas, Esper G. ; Larh, Daniel ; Giovanetti, Marta ; Nanev Slavov, Svetoslav ; Sampaio, Sandra Coccuzzo ; Elias, Maria Carolina

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: VIRUS EVOLUTION; v. 11, n. 1, p. 17-pg., 2025-01-08.

Resumo

Influenza A and B viruses represent significant global health threats, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality rates. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these viruses in Brazil, a continental-size country and a crucial hub for the entry, circulation, and dissemination of influenza viruses within South America, still needs to be improved. This study addresses this gap by consolidating data and samples across all Brazilian macroregions, as part of the Center for Viral Surveillance and Serological Assessment project, together with an extensive number of other Brazilian sequences provided by a public database during the epidemic seasons spanning 2021-23. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin segment of influenza A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2, and influenza B/Victoria-lineage viruses revealed that in 2021 and in the first semester of 2022, the A/H3N2 2a.3 strain was the predominant circulating strain. Subsequently, the A/H3N2 2b became the prevalent strain until October, when it was substituted by A/H1N1pdm09 5a.2a and 5a.2a.1 lineages. This scenario was maintained during the year of 2023. B/Victoria emerged and circulated at low levels between December 2021 and September 2022 and then became coprevalent with A/H1N1pdm09 5a.2a and 5a.2a.1 lineages. The comparison between the vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 and circulating viruses revealed shared mutations to aspartic acid at residues 186 and 225 across all A/H3N2 lineages from 2021 to 2023, altering the charge in the receptor-binding domain. For A/H1N1pdm09, the 2022 consensus of 5a.2a.1 and the vaccine strain A/Victoria/2570/2019 showed 14 amino acid substitutions. Key residues H180, D187, K219, R223, E224, and T133 are involved in hydrogen interactions with sialic acids, while N130, K142, and D222 may contribute to distance interactions based on docking analyses. Importantly, distinct influenza A lineage frequency patterns were observed across Brazil's macroregions, underscoring the regional variations in virus circulation. This study characterizes influenza A and B viruses circulating in Brazil, providing insights into their circulation patterns and dynamics across Brazilian macroregions. These findings hold significant implications for public health interventions, informing strategies to mitigate transmission risks, optimize vaccination efforts, and enhance outbreak control measures. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 21/11944-6 - Contínuo aprimoramento de vacinas: Centro para Vigilância Viral e Avaliação Sorológica (CeVIVAS)
• Beneficiário: Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio Vessoni
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Ciência para o Desenvolvimento
• Processo FAPESP: 23/07688-0 - Filogenética, filogeografia e epidemiologia comparativas aplicadas no entendimento da evolução dos vírus da COVID-19, Influenza, e Dengue no Brasil
• Beneficiário: Isabela Carvalho Brcko
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 23/11920-5 - Desenvolvimento de um pipeline para contínua melhoria de anticorpos monoclonais para uso terapêutico nas doenças causadas por influenza e SARS-CoV-2
• Beneficiário: Vinicius Carius de Souza
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado