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Detecting vegetable oils in black soldier fly larvae oil using infrared spectroscopy coupled with one-class and hierarchical modelling

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Autor(es):
Cruz-Tirado, J. P. ; Ferreira, Ramon Sousa Barros ; Batista, Eduardo Augusto Caldas ; Honorio, Lara ; Amigo, Jose Manuel ; Barbin, Douglas Fernandes
Número total de Autores: 6
Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
Fonte: FOOD CONTROL; v. 183, p. 13-pg., 2026-05-01.
Resumo

The Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) oil is a by-product from the animal feed industry. BSFL oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids, which has led to an increase in demand for pharmaceutical or animal feed industry. This study evaluated the authenticity of BSFL oil and its adulteration with vegetable oils using two portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometers (spectrometer 1 (900 - 1700 nm) and spectrometer 2 (1350-2500 nm)) and Fourier-transform middle infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (4000-650 cm(-1)) combined with chemometric methods. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed partial separation between pure and adulterated samples, but some mixtures, like BSFL + sunflower and BSFL + corn, overlapped due to similar composition. Data Driven Soft Independent Modelling Class Analogy (DD-SIMCA) was used to authenticate pure BSFL oil, reaching up to 100 % sensitivity and specificity in test set, especially with spectrometer 2 and FTIR. Multi-class PLS-DA models were able to classify BSFL oil and its mixtures, although they showed low classification rates (True Positive Rate (TPR) < 30 %) for BSFL oil adulterated with canola or corn oil, especially using spectrometer 1. Hierarchical PLS-DA models were developed to improve discrimination, reaching better classification rates for all adulterated classes. Overall, DD-SIMCA, PLS-DA and hierarchical models combined with NIR or FTIR spectroscopy are promising tools to detect BSFL oil adulteration in a fast and non-destructive way, with potential applications in quality control and fraud prevention. (AU)

Processo FAPESP: 24/12932-0 - Recuperando compostos fenólicos e selênio do farelo da castanha do Brasil usando solventes verdes emergentes: estudo de triagem computacional, otimização e citotoxicidade dos extratos
Beneficiário:Ramon Sousa Barros Ferreira
Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Programa Fixação de Jovens Doutores
Processo FAPESP: 23/11773-2 - Detecção de pó à base de insetos em alimentos em pó à base de plantas por espectroscopia e imagem hiperespectral combinada com quimiometria
Beneficiário:Luis Jam Pier Cruz Tirado
Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Doutorado
Processo FAPESP: 23/07385-7 - Aplicações de visão artificial para análise de novas fontes de alimentos
Beneficiário:Douglas Fernandes Barbin
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular