The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium

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Benjet, C. ^[1] ; Bromet, E. ^[2] ; Karam, E. G. ^{[3, 4, 5]} ; Kessler, R. C. ^[6] ; McLaughlin, K. A. ^[7] ; Ruscio, A. M. ^[8] ; Shahly, V. ^[6] ; Stein, D. J. ^[9] ; Petukhova, M. ^[6] ; Hill, E. ^[6] ; Alonso, J. ^{[10, 11, 12]} ; Atwoli, L. ^[13] ; Bunting, B. ^[14] ; Bruffaerts, R. ^[15] ; Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M. ^{[16, 17]} ; de Girolamo, G. ^[18] ; Florescu, S. ^[19] ; Gureje, O. ^[20] ; Huang, Y. ^[21] ; Lepine, J. P. ^[22] ; Kawakami, N. ^[23] ; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane ^[24] ; Medina-Mora, M. E. ^[1] ; Navarro-Mateu, F. ^[25] ; Piazza, M. ^[26] ; Posada-Villa, J. ^[27] ; Scott, K. M. ^[28] ; Shalev, A. ^[29] ; Slade, T. ^[30] ; ten Have, M. ^[31] ; Torres, Y. ^[32] ; Viana, M. C. ^[33] ; Zarkov, Z. ^[34] ; Koenen, K. C. ^[35]

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^[1] Inst Nacl Psiquiatria Ramon Fuente, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosocial Res, Mexico City 14370, DF - Mexico

^[2] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY - USA

^[3] IDRAAC, Beirut - Lebanon

^[4] Balamand Univ, Dept Psychiat & Clin Psychol, Beirut - Lebanon

^[5] St George Hosp Univ Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Clin Psychol, Beirut - Lebanon

^[6] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Care Policy, Boston, MA 02115 - USA

^[7] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 - USA

^[8] Univ Penn, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 - USA

^[9] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, ZA-7925 Cape Town - South Africa

^[10] UPF, Barcelona - Spain

^[11] CIBERESP, Barcelona - Spain

^[12] IMIM Hosp del Mar, Res Inst, Barcelona - Spain

^[13] Moi Univ, Sch Med, Eldoret, Uasin Gishu - Kenya

^[14] Univ Ulster, Sch Psychol, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry - North Ireland

^[15] Katholieke Univ Leuven, UPC, Leuven - Belgium

^[16] Univ Nova Lisboa, Chron Dis Res Ctr CEDOC, P-1200 Lisbon - Portugal

^[17] Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Mental Hlth, Fac Ciencias Med, P-1200 Lisbon - Portugal

^[18] IRCCS St John God Clin Res Ctr, Brescia - Italy

^[19] Natl Sch Publ Hlth Management & Profess Dev, Bucharest - Romania

^[20] Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Ibadan - Nigeria

^[21] Peking Univ, Inst Mental Hlth, Beijing 100871 - Peoples R China

^[22] Univ Paris Diderot & Paris Descartes, Hop Lariboisiere Fernand Widal, AP HP, Paris - France

^[23] Univ Tokyo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Tokyo - Japan

^[24] Paris Descartes Univ, Paris - France

^[25] IMIB Arrixaca, CIBERESP Murcia, Subdirec Gen Salud Mental & Asistencia Psiquiatri, Serv Murciano Salud, El Palmar, Murcia - Spain

^[26] Natl Inst Hlth, Lima - Peru

^[27] Colegio Mayor Cundinamarca Univ, Bogota - Colombia

^[28] Univ Otago, Dept Psychol Med, Dunedin - New Zealand

^[29] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY - USA

^[30] Univ New S Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW - Australia

^[31] Netherlands Inst Mental Hlth & Addict, Utrecht - Netherlands

^[32] CES Univ, Ctr Excellence Res Mental Hlth, Medellin - Colombia

^[33] Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Social Med, Vitoria - Brazil

^[34] Natl Ctr Publ Hlth & Analyses, Directorate Mental Hlth, Sofia - Bulgaria

^[35] Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 - USA

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE; v. 46, n. 2, p. 327-343, JAN 2016.
• Citações Web of Science: 121

Resumo

Background. Considerable research has documented that exposure to traumatic events has negative effects on physical and mental health. Much less research has examined the predictors of traumatic event exposure. Increased understanding of risk factors for exposure to traumatic events could be of considerable value in targeting preventive interventions and anticipating service needs. Method. General population surveys in 24 countries with a combined sample of 68 894 adult respondents across six continents assessed exposure to 29 traumatic event types. Differences in prevalence were examined with cross-tabulations. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine whether traumatic event types clustered into interpretable factors. Survival analysis was carried out to examine associations of sociodemographic characteristics and prior traumatic events with subsequent exposure. Results. Over 70% of respondents reported a traumatic event; 30.5% were exposed to four or more. Five types - witnessing death or serious injury, the unexpected death of a loved one, being mugged, being in a life-threatening automobile accident, and experiencing a life-threatening illness or injury - accounted for over half of all exposures. Exposure varied by country, sociodemographics and history of prior traumatic events. Being married was the most consistent protective factor. Exposure to interpersonal violence had the strongest associations with subsequent traumatic events. Conclusions. Given the near ubiquity of exposure, limited resources may best be dedicated to those that are more likely to be further exposed such as victims of interpersonal violence. Identifying mechanisms that account for the associations of prior interpersonal violence with subsequent trauma is critical to develop interventions to prevent revictimization. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 03/00204-3 - Estudo epidemiológico dos transtornos psiquiátricos na região metropolitana de São Paulo: prevalências, fatores de risco e sobrecarga social e econômica
• Beneficiário: Laura Helena Silveira Guerra de Andrade
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático