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Origin of atmospheric aerosols at the Pierre Auger Observatory using studies of air mass trajectories in South America

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Autor(es):
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Aab, A. [1, 2, 3, 4] ; Abreu, P. [5, 6] ; Aglietta, M. [7, 8] ; Ahlers, M. [9] ; Ahn, E. J. [10] ; Albuquerque, I. F. M. [11] ; Allekotte, I. [12, 13] ; Allen, J. [14] ; Allison, P. [15] ; Almela, A. [16, 17] ; Castillo, J. Alvarez [18] ; Alvarez-Muniz, J. [19] ; Batista, R. Alves [20] ; Ambrosio, M. [21, 22] ; Aminaei, A. [23] ; Anchordoqui, L. [24] ; Andringa, S. [5, 6] ; Antictic, T. [25] ; Aramo, C. [21, 22] ; Arqueros, F. [26] ; Asorey, H. [12, 13] ; Assis, P. [5, 6] ; Aublin, J. [27, 28] ; Ave, M. [19] ; Avenier, M. [29] ; Avila, G. [30] ; Badescu, A. M. [31] ; Barber, K. B. [32] ; Bardenet, R. [33] ; Baeuml, J. [34] ; Baus, C. [15] ; Beatty, J. J. [35] ; Becker, K. H. [32] ; Bellido, J. A. [9] ; BenZvi, S. [29] ; Berat, C. [12, 13] ; Bertou, X. [36] ; Biermann, P. L. [36] ; Billoir, P. [27, 28] ; Blanco, F. [26] ; Blanco, M. [27, 28] ; Bleve, C. [35] ; Bluemer, H. [34, 37] ; Bohacova, M. [1] ; Boncioli, D. [38] ; Bonifazi, C. [39] ; Bonino, R. [7, 8] ; Borodai, N. [40] ; Brack, J. [41] ; Brancus, I. [42] ; Brogueira, P. [5, 6] ; Brown, W. C. [43] ; Buchholz, P. [2] ; Bueno, A. [44, 45] ; Buscemi, M. [21, 22] ; Caballero-Mora, K. S. [46, 19] ; Caccianiga, B. [47, 48] ; Caccianiga, L. [27, 28] ; Candusso, M. [49, 50] ; Caramete, L. [36] ; Caruso, R. [51, 52] ; Castellina, A. [7, 8] ; Cataldi, G. [53, 3] ; Cazon, L. [5, 6] ; Cester, R. [54, 7] ; Cheng, S. H. [46] ; Chiavassa, A. [7, 8] ; Chinellato, J. A. ; Chudoba, J. [1] ; Cilmo, M. [21, 22] ; Clay, R. W. [32] ; Cocciolo, G. [53, 3] ; Colalillo, R. [21, 22] ; Collica, L. [47, 48] ; Coluccia, M. R. [53, 3] ; Conceicao, R. [5, 6] ; Contreras, F. [55] ; Cooper, M. J. [32] ; Coutu, S. [46] ; Covault, C. E. [56] ; Criss, A. [46] ; Cronin, J. [57] ; Curutiu, A. [36] ; Dallier, R. [58, 59] ; Daniel, B. [60] ; Dasso, S. [61] ; Daumiller, K. [37] ; Dawson, B. R. [32] ; De Almeida, R. M. [62] ; De Domenico, M. [51, 52] ; de Jong, S. J. [23, 63] ; De La Vega, G. [64] ; de Mello, Jr., W. J. M. [60] ; de Mello Neto, J. R. T. [39] ; De Mitri, I. [53, 3] ; de Souza, V. [11] ; de Vries, K. D. [65] ; del Peral, L. [66] ; Deligny, O. [67] ; Dembinski, H. [37] ; Dhital, N. [68] ; Di Giulio, C. [49, 50] ; Di Matteo, A. [69, 70] ; Diaz, J. C. [68] ; Castro, M. L. Diaz [71] ; Diep, P. N. [72] ; Diogo, F. [5, 6] ; Dobrigkeit, C. [60] ; Docters, W. [65] ; D'Olivo, J. C. [18] ; Dong, P. N. [67, 72] ; Dorofeev, A. [41] ; dos Anjos, J. C. [71] ; Dova, M. T. [73, 74] ; Ebr, J. [1] ; Engel, R. [37] ; Erdmann, M. [4] ; Escobar, C. O. [60, 10] ; Espadanal, J. [5, 6] ; Etchegoyen, A. [16, 17] ; Luis, P. Facal San [57] ; Falcke, H. [23, 63, 75] ; Fang, K. [57] ; Farrar, G. [14] ; Fauth, A. C. [60] ; Fazzini, N. [10] ; Ferguson, A. P. [56] ; Fick, B. [68] ; Figueira, J. M. [37, 17] ; Filevich, A. [17] ; Filipcic, A. [76, 77] ; Foerster, N. [2] ; Fox, B. D. [78] ; Fracchiolla, C. E. [41] ; Fraenkel, E. D. [65] ; Fratu, O. [31] ; Froehlich, U. [2] ; Fuchs, B. [34] ; Gaior, R. [27, 28] ; Gamarra, R. F. [17] ; Gambetta, S. [79, 80] ; Garcia, B. [64] ; Roca, S. T. Garcia [19] ; Garcia-Gamez, D. [33] ; Garcia-Pinto, D. [26] ; Garilli, G. [51, 52] ; Bravo, A. Gascon [44, 45] ; Gemmeke, H. [81] ; Ghia, P. L. [27, 28] ; Giammarchi, M. [47, 48] ; Giller, M. [82] ; Gitto, J. [64] ; Glaser, C. [4] ; Glass, H. [10] ; Albarracin, F. Gomez [73, 74] ; Berisso, M. Gomez [12, 13] ; Vitale, P. F. Gomez [30] ; Goncalves, P. [5, 6] ; Gonzalez, J. G. [34] ; Gookin, B. [41] ; Gorgi, A. [7, 8] ; Gorham, P. [78] ; Gouffon, P. [11] ; Grebe, S. [23, 63] ; Griffith, N. [15] ; Grillo, A. F. [38] ; Grubb, T. D. [32] ; Guardincerri, Y. ; Guarino, F. [21, 22] ; Guedes, G. P. [83] ; Hansen, P. [73, 74] ; Harari, D. [12, 13] ; Harrison, T. A. [32] ; Harton, J. L. [41] ; Haungs, A. [37] ; Hebbeker, T. [4] ; Heck, D. [37] ; Herve, A. E. [32] ; Hill, G. C. [32] ; Hojvat, C. [10] ; Hollon, N. [57] ; Holt, E. [37] ; Homola, P. [2, 40] ; Horandel, J. R. [23, 63] ; Horvath, P. [84] ; Hrabovsky, M. [1, 84] ; Huber, D. [34] ; Huege, T. [37] ; Insolia, A. [51, 52] ; Isar, P. G. [85] ; Jansen, S. [23, 63] ; Jarne, C. [73, 74] ; Josebachuili, M. [37, 17] ; Kadija, K. [25] ; Kambeitz, O. [34] ; Kampert, K. H. [35] ; Karhan, P. [86] ; Kasper, P. [10] ; Katkov, I. [34] ; Kegl, B. [33] ; Keilhauer, B. [37] ; Keivani, A. [87] ; Kemp, E. [60] ; Kieckhafer, R. M. [68] ; Klages, H. O. [37] ; Kleifges, M. [81] ; Kleinfeller, J. [55, 37] ; Knapp, J. [88, 89] ; Krause, R. [4] ; Krohm, N. [35] ; Kroemer, O. [81] ; Kruppke-Hansen, D. [35] ; Kuempel, D. [4] ; Kunka, N. [81] ; La Rosa, G. [90] ; LaHurd, D. [56] ; Latronico, L. [7, 8] ; Lauer, R. [91] ; Lauscher, M. [4] ; Lautridou, P. [58] ; Le Coz, S. [29] ; Leao, M. S. A. B. [92] ; Lebrun, D. [29] ; Lebrun, P. [10] ; de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui [93] ; Letessier-Selvon, A. [27, 28] ; Lhenry-Yvon, I. [67] ; Link, K. [34] ; Lopez, R. [94] ; Aguera, A. Lopez [19] ; Louedec, K. [29] ; Bahilo, J. Lozano [44, 45] ; Lu, L. [35, 88] ; Lucero, A. [17] ; Ludwig, M. [34] ; Lyberis, H. [39] ; Maccarone, M. C. [90] ; Malacari, M. [32] ; Maldera, S. [7, 8] ; Mailer, J. [58] ; Mandat, D. [1] ; Mantsch, P. [10] ; Mariazzi, A. G. [73, 74] ; Marin, V. [58] ; Maris, I. C. [27, 28] ; Falcon, H. R. Marquez [95] ; Marsella, G. [53, 3] ; Martello, D. [53, 3] ; Martin, L. [58, 59] ; Martinez, H. [96] ; Bravo, O. Martinez [94] ; Martraire, D. [67] ; Meza, J. J. Masias ; Mathes, H. J. [37] ; Matthews, J. [87] ; Matthews, J. I. G. [91] ; Matthiae, G. [49, 50] ; Maurel, D. [37] ; Maurizio, D. [71] ; Mayotte, E. [97] ; Mazur, P. O. [10] ; Medina, C. [97] ; Medina-Tanco, G. [18] ; Melissas, M. [34] ; Melo, D. [17] ; Menichetti, E. [54, 7] ; Menshikov, A. [81] ; Messina, S. [65] ; Meyhandan, R. [78] ; Micanovic, S. [25] ; Micheletti, M. I. [98, 99] ; Middendorf, L. [4] ; Minaya, I. A. [26] ; Miramonti, L. [47, 48] ; Mitrica, B. [42] ; Molina-Bueno, L. [44, 45] ; Mollerach, S. [12, 13] ; Monasor, M. [57] ; Ragaigne, D. 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[37] ; Pieroni, P. ; Pimenta, M. [5, 6] ; Pirronello, V. [51, 52] ; Platino, M. [17] ; Plum, M. [4] ; Pontz, M. [2] ; Porcelli, A. [37] ; Preda, T. [85] ; Privitera, P. [57] ; Prouza, M. ; Quel, E. J. [100, 101] ; Querchfeld, S. [35] ; Quinn, S. [56] ; Rautenberg, J. [35] ; Ravel, O. [58] ; Ravignani, D. [17] ; Revenu, B. [58] ; Ridky, J. [1] ; Riggi, S. [19, 90] ; Risse, M. [2] ; Ristori, P. [100, 101] ; Rivera, H. [47, 48] ; Rizi, V. [69, 70] ; Roberts, J. [14] ; de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues [19] ; Cabo, I. Rodriguez [19] ; Fernandez, G. Rodriguez [19, 49, 50] ; Martino, J. Rodriguez [55] ; Rojo, J. Rodriguez [55] ; Rodriguez-Frias, M. D. [66] ; Ros, G. [66] ; Rosado, J. [26] ; Rossler, T. [84] ; Roth, M. [37] ; Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B. [57] ; Roulet, E. [12, 13] ; Rovero, A. C. [61] ; Ruehle, C. [81] ; Saffi, S. J. [32] ; Saftoiu, A. [42] ; Salamida, F. [67] ; Salazar, H. [94] ; Greus, F. Salesa [41] ; Salina, G. [49, 50] ; Sanchez, F. [17] ; Sanchez-Lucas, P. [44, 45] ; Santo, C. E. [5, 6] ; Santos, E. [5, 6] ; Santos, E. M. [39] ; Sarazin, F. [97] ; Sarkar, B. [35] ; Sarmento, R. [5, 6] ; Sato, R. [55] ; Scharf, N. [4] ; Scherini, V. [53, 3] ; Schieler, H. [37] ; Schiffer, P. [20] ; Schmidt, A. [81] ; Scholten, O. [65] ; Schoorlemmer, H. [23, 63, 78] ; Schovanek, P. [1] ; Schroeder, F. G. [37, 17] ; Schulz, A. [37] ; Schulz, J. [23] ; Sciutto, S. J. [73, 74] ; Scuderi, M. [51, 52] ; Segreto, A. [90] ; Settimo, M. [27, 28, 2] ; Shadkam, A. [87] ; Shellard, R. C. [71] ; Sidelnik, I. [12, 13] ; Sigl, G. [20] ; Sima, O. [106] ; Smialkowski, A. [82] ; Smida, R. [37] ; Snow, G. R. [105] ; Sommers, P. [46] ; Sorokin, J. [32] ; Spinka, H. [107, 10] ; Squartini, R. [55] ; Srivastava, Y. N. [103] ; Stanic, S. [77] ; Stapleton, J. [15] ; Stasielak, J. [40] ; Stephan, M. [4] ; Straub, M. [4] ; Stutz, A. [29] ; Suarez, F. [17] ; Suomijarvi, T. [67] ; Supanitsky, A. D. [61] ; Susa, T. [25] ; Sutherland, M. S. [87] ; Swain, J. [103] ; Szadkowski, Z. [82] ; Szuba, M. 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[9] ; Whelan, B. J. [46] ; Widom, A. [103] ; Wieczorek, G. [82] ; Wiencke, L. [97] ; Wilczynska, B. [40] ; Wilczynski, H. [40] ; Will, M. [37] ; Williams, C. [57] ; Winchen, T. [4] ; Wundheiler, B. [17] ; Wykes, S. [23] ; Yamamoto, T. [57] ; Yapici, T. [68] ; Younk, P. [109] ; Yuan, G. [87] ; Yushkov, A. [19] ; Zamorano, B. [44, 45] ; Zas, E. [19] ; Zavrtanik, D. [76, 77] ; Zavrtanik, M. [76, 77] ; Zaw, I. [14] ; Zepeda, A. [96] ; Zhou, J. [57] ; Zhu, Y. [81] ; Silva, M. Zimbres [60] ; Ziolkowski, M. [2] ; Curci, G. [110] ; Collaborat, Pierre Auger
Número total de Autores: 498
Afiliação do(s) autor(es):
Mostrar menos -
[1] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague - Czech Republic
[2] Univ Siegen, D-57068 Siegen - Germany
[3] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lecce - Italy
[4] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Physikal Inst A 3, Aachen - Germany
[5] Univ Tecn Lisboa, LIP, Lisbon - Portugal
[6] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon - Portugal
[7] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin - Italy
[8] Univ Turin, Osservatorio Astron Torino INAF, Turin - Italy
[9] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI - USA
[10] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL - USA
[11] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo - Brazil
[12] UNCuyo, CONICET, CNEA, Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina
[13] UNCuyo, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Balseiro, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro - Argentina
[14] NYU, New York, NY - USA
[15] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 - USA
[16] Univ Tecnol Nacl, Fac Reg Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina
[17] UNSAM, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detecc Astroparticulas, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina
[18] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF - Mexico
[19] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela - Spain
[20] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg - Germany
[21] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples - Italy
[22] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Naples - Italy
[23] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen - Netherlands
[24] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 - USA
[25] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000 - Croatia
[26] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid - Spain
[27] Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris - France
[28] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris - France
[29] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Grenoble INP, LPSC, F-38041 Grenoble - France
[30] Observ Pierre Auger & Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue - Argentina
[31] Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest - Romania
[32] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA - Australia
[33] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, Orsay - France
[34] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Kernphys IEKP, D-76021 Karlsruhe - Germany
[35] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Wuppertal - Germany
[36] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn - Germany
[37] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe - Germany
[38] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila - Italy
[39] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro - Brazil
[40] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, Krakow - Poland
[41] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA
[42] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest - Romania
[43] Colorado State Univ, Pueblo, CO - USA
[44] Univ Granada, Granada - Spain
[45] CAFPE, Granada - Spain
[46] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA
[47] Univ Milan, Milan - Italy
[48] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan - Italy
[49] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00173 Rome - Italy
[50] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome - Italy
[51] Univ Catania, Catania - Italy
[52] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Catania - Italy
[53] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis E De Giorgi, Lecce - Italy
[54] Univ Turin, Turin - Italy
[55] Observ Pierre Auger, Malargue - Argentina
[56] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 - USA
[57] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 - USA
[58] Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines Nantes, SUBATECH, F-44035 Nantes - France
[59] Observ Paris, CNRS, INSU, Stn Radioastron Nancay, Paris - France
[60] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP - Brazil
[61] UBA, CONICET, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina
[62] Univ Fed Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ - Brazil
[63] Nikhef, Amsterdam - Netherlands
[64] Natl Technol Univ, UNSAM, Fac Mendoza, CONICET, CNEA, Inst Tecnol Detecc Astroparticulas, Mendoza - Argentina
[65] Univ Groningen, Kemfys Versneller Inst, Groningen - Netherlands
[66] Univ Alcala de Henares, E-28801 Alcala De Henares, Madrid - Spain
[67] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, F-91405 Orsay - France
[68] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 - USA
[69] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Laquila - Italy
[70] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila - Italy
[71] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
[72] Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Hanoi - Vietnam
[73] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata - Argentina
[74] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata - Argentina
[75] ASTRON, Dwingeloo - Netherlands
[76] J Stefan Inst, Ljubljana - Slovenia
[77] Univ Nova Gorica, Lab Astroparticle Phys, Pristava - Slovenia
[78] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA
[79] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa - Italy
[80] Dipartimento Fis Univ, Genoa - Italy
[81] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, D-76021 Karlsruhe - Germany
[82] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz - Poland
[83] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana - Brazil
[84] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, CR-77147 Olomouc - Czech Republic
[85] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest - Romania
[86] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague - Czech Republic
[87] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, IA - USA
[88] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire - England
[89] Univ Autonoma Chiapas, Chiapas - Mexico
[90] Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm Palermo INAF, Palermo - Italy
[91] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 - USA
[92] Fac Independente Nord, Vitoria Da Conquista - Brazil
[93] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP - Brazil
[94] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla - Mexico
[95] Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan - Mexico
[96] Ctr Invest Estudios Avanzados IPN CINVESTAV, Mexico City, DF - Mexico
[97] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 - USA
[98] UNR, CONICET, Inst Fis Rosario IFIR, Rosario - Argentina
[99] UNR, Fac Ciencias Bioquim & Farmaceut, Rosario - Argentina
[100] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina
[101] CITEDEF, Ctr Invest Laseres Aplicac, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina
[102] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia - Spain
[103] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 - USA
[104] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brazil
[105] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE - USA
[106] Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys, Bucharest - Romania
[107] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 - USA
[108] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil
[109] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM - USA
[110] Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, Dept Phys, I-67100 Laquila - Italy
Número total de Afiliações: 110
Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
Fonte: ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH; v. 149, p. 120-135, NOV 2014.
Citações Web of Science: 5
Resumo

The Pierre Auger Observatory is making significant contributions towards understanding the nature and origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. One of its main challenges is the monitoring of the atmosphere, both in terms of its state variables and its optical properties. The aim of this work is to analyse aerosol optical depth tau(a)(z) values measured from 2004 to 2012 at the observatory, which is located in a remote and relatively unstudied area of Pampa Amarilla, Argentina. The aerosol optical depth is in average quite low - annual mean tau(a)(3.5 km) similar to 0.04 - and shows a seasonal trend with a winter minimum - tau(a)(3.5 km) - 0.03 -, and a summer maximum - tau(a)(3.5 km) similar to 0.06 -, and an unexpected increase from August to September tau(a)(35 km) similar to 0.055. We computed backward trajectories for the years 2005 to 2012 to interpret the air mass origin. Winter nights with low aerosol concentrations show air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean. Average concentrations are affected by continental sources (wind-blown dust and urban pollution), whilst the peak observed in September and October could be linked to biomass burning in the northern part of Argentina or air pollution coming from surrounding urban areas. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)

Processo FAPESP: 99/05404-3 - Observatório Pierre Auger
Beneficiário:Carlos Ourivio Escobar
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
Processo FAPESP: 10/07359-6 - Estudo dos raios cósmicos de mais altas energias com o Observatório Pierre Auger
Beneficiário:Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato
Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático