Changes in shoulder girdle strength in 3 consecutive years in elite adolescent swimmers: a longitudinal cohort study

Autor(es)

Habechian, Fernanda A. P. ^{[1, 2]} ; Van Malderen, Kim ^[3] ; Camargo, Paula R. ^[1] ; Cools, Ann M. ^[4]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Carlos UFSCar, Dept Phys Therapy, Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Catolica Maule, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Kinesiol, Casa Cent Avda San Miguel 3605, Talca - Chile

^[3] Flemish Swimming Federat, Antwerp - Belgium

^[4] Univ Ghent, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Rehabil Sci & Physiotherapy, Ghent - Belgium

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY; v. 22, n. 3, p. 238-247, MAY-JUN 2018.
• Citações Web of Science: 1

Resumo

Background: The shoulder complex is highly loaded during swimming. No studies were found analyzing the changes in shoulder girdle strength in young swimmers, through the years. Objective: To analyze the changes in strength of internal rotators and external rotators of the arm, lower trapezius and supraspinatus and in the external rotators/internal rotators ratio in young elite swimmers through 3 years. Methods: 31 adolescent elite swimmers (14-18 years, of both sexes) participated in the study. Isometric strength of the shoulder girdle muscles was performed using a handheld dynamometer during 3 years. Results: For boys absolute data, internal rotators increased from the first to the second (p =0.0001; mean difference 45.6 N; 95%CI 26.7-65.0) and third years (p=0.01; mean difference: 32.4; 95%CI: 9.3-55.5). Considering the weight-normalized data, internal rotators increased from the first to the second year (p < 0.0001; mean difference:-0.52; 95%CI: 0.26-0.78), external rotators decreased from the first to the third year (p =0.003; mean difference: -0.33; 95%CI: -0.53 to -0.13) and from the second to the third year (p =0.0004; mean difference: -0.29; 95%CI: -0.46 to -0.12) and supraspinatus decreased from the second to the third year (p =0.006; mean difference :-0.17; 95%CI: -0.28 to -0.06). For girls, there were no significant differences in the absolute strength. Considering the weight-normalized data, lower trapezius decreased from the first to the third year (p=0.02; mean difference: -0.15; 95%CI: -0.27 to -0.03). Considering both sexes, the external rotators/internal rotators ratio decreased from the first to the second (p < 0.0001; mean difference -0.12 N; 95%CI -0.13 to -0.11) and third years (p < 0.0001; mean difference -0.15 N; 95%CI -0.16 to -0.14). Conclusion: Muscle imbalance can occur in the shoulder girdle in young swimmers in 3 years, with increased internal rotators and decreased external rotators and supraspinatus strength in boys, and decreased strength of the lower trapezius in girls. Attention should be given in young swimmers' shoulder girdle muscle balance. (C) 2018 Associacao Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pos-Graduacao em Fisioterapia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 14/26412-6 - Efeitos a curto e longo prazo da prática do vôlei na distância acromio-umeral
• Beneficiário: Fernanda Assis Paes Habechian Zamunér
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Doutorado