RANKL Triggers Treg-Mediated Immunoregulation in Inflammatory Osteolysis

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Francisconi, C. F. ^[1] ; Vieira, A. E. ^[2] ; Azevedo, M. C. S. ^[1] ; Tabanez, A. P. ^[1] ; Fonseca, A. C. ^[1] ; Trombone, A. P. F. ^[3] ; Letra, A. ^{[4, 5, 6]} ; Silva, R. M. ^[4] ; Sfeir, C. S. ^{[7, 8, 9]} ; Little, S. R. ^{[10, 11, 7, 8, 12]} ; Garlet, G. P. ^[1]

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^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Dent Bauru, Dept Biol Sci, Bauru - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Alagoas, Inst Biol Sci & Hlth, Maceio - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sagrado Coracao, Bauru - Brazil

^[4] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont, Houston, TX 77030 - USA

^[5] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Diagnost & Biomed Sci, Houston, TX 77030 - USA

^[6] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Craniofacial Res, Houston, TX 77030 - USA

^[7] Univ Pittsburgh, McGowan Inst Regenerat Med, Pittsburgh, PA - USA

^[8] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Craniofacial Regenerat, Pittsburgh, PA - USA

^[9] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Periodont & Prevent Dent, Pittsburgh, PA - USA

^[10] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA - USA

^[11] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Immunol, Pittsburgh, PA - USA

^[12] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 - USA

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH; v. 97, n. 8, p. 917-927, JUL 2018.
• Citações Web of Science: 8

Resumo

The chronic inflammatory immune response triggered by the infection of the tooth root canal system results in the local upregulation of RANKL, resulting in periapical bone loss. While RANKL has a well-characterized role in the control of bone homeostasis/pathology, it can play important roles in the regulation of the immune system, although its possible immunoregulatory role in infectious inflammatory osteolytic conditions remains largely unknown. Here, we used a mouse model of infectious inflammatory periapical lesions subjected to continuous or transitory anti-RANKL inhibition, followed by the analysis of lesion outcome and multiple host response parameters. Anti-RANKL administration resulted in arrest of bone loss but interfered in the natural immunoregulation of the lesions observed in the untreated group. RANKL inhibition resulted in an unremitting proinflammatory response, persistent high proinflammatory and effector CD4 response, decreased regulatory T-cell (Treg) migration, and lower levels of Treg-related cytokines IL-10 and TGFb. Anti-RANKL blockade impaired the immunoregulatory process only in early disease stages, while the late administration of anti-RANKL did not interfere with the stablished immunoregulation. The impaired immunoregulation due to RANKL inhibition is characterized by increased delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo and T-cell proliferation in vitro to the infecting bacteria, which mimic the effects of Treg inhibition, reinforcing a possible influence of RANKL on Treg-mediated suppressive response. The adoptive transfer of CD4+FOXp3+ Tregs to mice receiving anti-RANKL therapy restored the immunoregulatory capacity, attenuating the inflammatory response in the lesions, reestablishing normal T-cell response in vivo and in vitro, and preventing lesion relapse upon anti-RANKL therapy cessation. Therefore, while RANKL inhibition efficiently limited the periapical bone loss, it promoted an unremitting host inflammatory response by interfering with Treg activity, suggesting that this classic osteoclastogenic mediator plays a role in immunoregulation. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/05994-4 - Papel das células Th17 e T reguladoras (Tregs) na imunomodulação de lesões periapicais experimentais
• Beneficiário: Carolina Fávaro Francisconi Mortari
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 12/15133-3 - Papel das células Th17 e T regulatórias (Tregs) na imunomodulação de lesões periapicais experimentais
• Beneficiário: Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 15/24637-3 - MSCs e M2 como determinantes da natureza construtiva ou destrutiva de microambientes inflamatórios associados ao tecido ósseo
• Beneficiário: Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático