Urban pollution greatly enhances formation of natural aerosols over the Amazon rainforest

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Shrivastava, Manish ^[1] ; Andreae, Meinrat O. ^{[2, 3, 4]} ; Artaxo, Paulo ^[5] ; Barbosa, Henrique M. J. ^[5] ; Berg, Larry K. ^[1] ; Brito, Joel ^[6] ; Ching, Joseph ^[7] ; Easter, Richard C. ^[1] ; Fan, Jiwen ^[1] ; Fast, Jerome D. ^[1] ; Feng, Zhe ^[1] ; Fuentes, Jose D. ^[8] ; Glasius, Marianne ^[9] ; Goldstein, Allen H. ^[10] ; Alves, Eliane Gomes ^[11] ; Gomes, Helber ^[12] ; Gu, Dasa ^[13] ; Guenther, Alex ^{[13, 1]} ; Jathar, Shantanu H. ^[14] ; Kim, Saewung ^[13] ; Liu, Ying ^[1] ; Lou, Sijia ^[1] ; Martin, Scot T. ^{[15, 16]} ; McNeill, V. Faye ^[17] ; Medeiros, Adan ^[18] ; de Sa, Suzane S. ^{[15, 16]} ; Shilling, John E. ^[1] ; Springston, Stephen R. ^[19] ; Souza, R. A. F. ^[20] ; Thornton, Joel A. ^[21] ; Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel ^[22] ; Yee, Lindsay D. ^[10] ; Ynoue, Rita ^[23] ; Zaveri, Rahul A. ^[1] ; Zelenyuk, Alla ^[1] ; Zhao, Chun ^[24]

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^[1] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 - USA

^[2] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 - USA

^[3] King Saud Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Riyadh 11451 - Saudi Arabia

^[4] Max Planck Inst Chem, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz - Germany

^[5] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[6] Univ Lille, IMT Lille Douai, SAGE, F-59000 Lille - France

^[7] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052 - Japan

^[8] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 - USA

^[9] Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus - Denmark

^[10] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA

^[11] INPA, Ave Andre Araujo, BR-69060000 Manaus, Amazonas - Brazil

^[12] Univ Fed Alagoas, Inst Atmospher Sci, BR-57072900 Maceio, AL - Brazil

^[13] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 - USA

^[14] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 - USA

^[15] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 - USA

^[16] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 - USA

^[17] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 - USA

^[18] Amazonas State Univ, Ctr Super Studies Tefe, R Brasilia, BR-69470000 Tefe, AM - Brazil

^[19] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Brookhaven, NY 11973 - USA

^[20] Amazonas State Univ, Super Sch Technol, Av Darcy Vargas, BR-69050020 Manaus, Amazonas - Brazil

^[21] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 - USA

^[22] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 - USA

^[23] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geophys & Atmospher Sci, Dept Atmospher Sci, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[24] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui - Peoples R China

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS; v. 10, MAR 5 2019.
• Citações Web of Science: 13

Resumo

One of the least understood aspects in atmospheric chemistry is how urban emissions influence the formation of natural organic aerosols, which affect Earth's energy budget. The Amazon rainforest, during its wet season, is one of the few remaining places on Earth where atmospheric chemistry transitions between preindustrial and urban-influenced conditions. Here, we integrate insights from several laboratory measurements and simulate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the Amazon using a high-resolution chemical transport model. Simulations show that emissions of nitrogen-oxides from Manaus, a city of similar to 2 million people, greatly enhance production of biogenic SOA by 60-200% on average with peak enhancements of 400%, through the increased oxidation of gas-phase organic carbon emitted by the forests. Simulated enhancements agree with aircraft measurements, and are much larger than those reported over other locations. The implication is that increasing anthropogenic emissions in the future might substantially enhance biogenic SOA in pristine locations like the Amazon. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/50521-7 - Processos de multi-escala que atuam na convecção tropical e a influência de aerossóis
• Beneficiário: Tercio Ambrizzi
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 17/17047-0 - O ciclo de vida de aerossóis e nuvens na Amazônia: emissões biogênicas, emissões de queimadas e impactos no ecossistema
• Beneficiário: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 13/05014-0 - GoAmazon: interação da pluma urbana de Manaus com emissões biogênicas da Floresta Amazônica
• Beneficiário: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Temático