Photo-chemo-dynamical analysis and the origin of the bulge globular cluster Palomar 6

Autor(es)

Souza, S. O. ^[1] ; Valentini, M. ^[2] ; Barbuy, B. ^[1] ; Perez-Villegas, A. ^[3] ; Chiappini, C. ^[2] ; Ortolani, S. ^{[4, 5, 6]} ; Nardiello, D. ^{[5, 7]} ; Dias, B. ^[8] ; Anders, F. ^[9] ; Bica, E. ^[10]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, IAG, Rua Matao 1226, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam - Germany

^[3] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, AP 106, Ensenada 22800, BC - Mexico

^[4] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, Vicolo Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padua - Italy

^[5] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua - Italy

^[6] Ctr Ateneo & Attivita Spaziali Giuseppe Colombo C, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua - Italy

^[7] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, F-13013 Marseille - France

^[8] Univ Tarapaca, Inst Alta Invest, Casilla 7D, Arica - Chile

^[9] Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, Carrer Marti & Franques 1, Barcelona 08028 - Spain

^[10] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Astron, CP 15051, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Astronomy & Astrophysics; v. 656, DEC 8 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Context. Palomar 6 (Pal6) is a moderately metal-poor globular cluster projected towards the Galactic bulge. A full analysis of the cluster can give hints on the early chemical enrichment of the Galaxy and a plausible origin of the cluster. Aims. The aim of this study is threefold: a detailed analysis of high-resolution spectroscopic data obtained with the UVES spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at ESO, the derivation of the age and distance of Pal6 from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometric data, and an orbital analysis to determine the probable origin of the cluster. Methods. High-resolution spectra of six red giant stars in the direction of Pal6 were obtained at the 8m VLT UT2-Kueyen telescope equipped with the UVES spectrograph in FLAMES +UVES configuration. Spectroscopic parameters were derived through excitation and ionisation equilibrium of Fe i and Fe ii lines, and the abundances were obtained from spectrum synthesis. From HST photometric data, the age and distance were derived through a statistical isochrone fitting. Finally, a dynamical analysis was carried out for the cluster assuming two di fferent Galactic potentials. Results. Four stars that are members of Pal 6 were identified in the sample, which gives a mean radial velocity of 174.3 +/- 1.6 km s(-1) and a mean metallicity of {[}Fe/H] = -1.10 +/- 0.09 for the cluster. We found an enhancement of ff-elements (O, Mg, Si, and Ca) of 0.29< {[}X/Fe] <0.38 and the iron-peak element Ti of {[}Ti/Fe] similar to +0:3. The odd-Z elements (Na and Al) show a mild enhancement of {[}X/Fe] similar to +0.25. The abundances of both first- (Y and Zr) and second-peak (Ba and La) heavy elements are relatively high, with +0.4 < {[}X/Fe] <+0.60 and +0.4 < {[}X/Fe] <+0 :5, respectively. The r-element Eu is also relatively high with {[}Eu/Fe]similar to +0.6. One member star presents enhancements in N and Al, with {[}Al/Fe] > +0:30, this being evidence of a second stellar population, further confirmed with the NaON-Al (anti)correlations. For the first time, we derived the age of Pal 6, which resulted to be 12.4+/-0.9 Gyr. We also found a low extinction coe fficient R-V = 2.6 for the Pal 6 projection, which is compatible with the latest results for the highly extincted bulge populations. The derived extinction law results in a distance of 7.67 +/- 0.19 kpc from the Sun with an A(V) = 4.21 +/- 0.05. The chemical and photometric analyses combined with the orbital-dynamical analyses point out that Pal 6 belongs to the bulge component probably formed in the main-bulge progenitor. Conculsions. The present analysis indicates that the globular cluster Pal 6 is located in the bulge volume and that it was probably formed in the bulge in the early stages of the Milky Way formation, sharing the chemical properties with the family of intermediate metallicity very old clusters M 62, NGC 6522, NGC 6558, and HP 1. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/22044-3 - Aglomerados globulares do bojo: relíquias da formação e evolução da galáxia
• Beneficiário: Stefano Oliveira de Souza
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto