Phylogeographic patterns of the yellow fever virus around the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2016-2019

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Cunha, Marielton dos Passos ; Duarte-Neto, Amaro Nunes ; Pour, Shahab Zaki ; de Souza Pereira, Barbara Brito ; Ho, Yeh-Li ; Perondi, Beatriz ; Sztajnbok, Jaques ; Ferreira Alves, Venancio Avancini ; Ferraz da Silva, Luiz Fernando ; Dolhnikoff, Marisa ; Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario ; de Andrade Zanotto, Paolo Marinho

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases; v. 16, n. 9, p. 16-pg., 2022-09-01.

Resumo

From 2016 to 2019, the largest outbreak caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV) in the 21(st) century in the Americas occurred in southeastern Brazil. A sylvatic cycle of transmission was reported near densely populated areas, such as the large metropolitan area of the city of Sao Paulo. Here, we describe the origin, spread, and movement of the YFV throughout the state of Sao Paulo. Whole-genome sequences were obtained from tissues of two patients who died due to severe yellow fever, during 2018-2019. Molecular analysis indicated that all analyzed tissues were positive for YFV RNA, with the liver being the organ with the highest amount of viral RNA. Sequence analysis indicates that genomes belonged to the South American genotype I and were grouped in the epidemic clade II, which includes sequences from the states of Goias, Minas Gerais, and Sao Paulo of previous years. The analysis of viral dispersion indicates that the outbreak originated in Goias at the end of 2014 and reached the state of Sao Paulo through the state of Minas Gerais after 2016. When the virus reached near the urban area, it spread towards both the east and south regions of the state, not establishing an urban transmission cycle in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo. The virus that moved towards the east met with YFV coming from the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro, and the YFV that was carried to the south reached the Brazilian states located in the south region of the country. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 17/23281-6 - Utilização de anticorpos que neutralizam a infecção após a adesão à célula para o desenvolvimento de estratégias imunoterápicas inovadoras exemplificadas pela destruição seletiva de células humanas infectadas pelo vírus Zika.
• Beneficiário: Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 16/08204-2 - Diversidade genética e filodinâmica dos arbovírus emergentes e reemergentes (DENV, ZIKV e CHIKV) nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, 2014-2016
• Beneficiário: Marielton dos Passos Cunha
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado