Effectiveness of Fluoride Varnishes for White Spot Lesion Prevention and Remineralization during Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Autor(es)

Moraes, Samanta Mascarenhas ; Koshino, Larissa Ayumi ; Carvalho, Thamyris de Souza ; de Souza, Beatriz Martines ; Honorio, Heitor Marques ; Magalhaes, Ana Carolina ; Garib, Daniela Gamba ; Buzalaf, Marilia Afonso Rabelo

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Caries Research; v. 58, n. 6, p. 15-pg., 2024-12-01.

Resumo

Introduction: This study investigated the effectiveness of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish compared to sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish for preventing and remineralizing white spot lesions (WSLs) in individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blinded study was conducted with sixty-five adolescents who were selected based on caries activity and then randomized into three parallel groups: G1 (placebo varnish), G2 (5% NaF varnish), and G3 (4% TiF4 varnish). Volunteers received varnish application weekly for the first 4 weeks, after 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) months. The measured outcomes included prevention of new WSLs and reversal/progression of WSLs, assessed by Nyvad and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) indices, as well as quantitative light-induced fluorescence. chi(2), ANOVA, and Kruskall-Wallis tests were applied. The level of significance was set at 0.05, and post hoc Bonferroni test for p values was performed to correct for multiple comparisons. Results: 1,274 teeth were included; 70.5% were Nyvad 0, and 29.5% were Nyvad 1, with no differences between the groups at baseline (T0). Regarding ICDAS, 70.5% were ICDAS 0, 21.6% were ICDAS 1, and 7.9% were ICDAS 2. G1 showed an increasing prevalence of WSLs at T1 and maintained stable at T2; G2 exhibited a decline at T2, while G3 experienced a decrease at T1 and T2 (p < 0.01). Incidence of WSLs at T2 was 10.2% (G1), 5.6% (G2), and 1.4% (G3). The percentage of teeth initially scored as Nyvad 0 that progressed to Nyvad 1 was 13%, 6.8%, and 1% for G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Conversely, the percentage of teeth initially scored as Nyvad 1 that regressed to Nyvad 0 or Nyvad 2 (T0-T2) was 14%, 49.3%, and 74.4%, respectively (p < 0.001). As for the ICDAS index, regression was observed in 6.5%, 17.8%, and 24%, while progression was observed in 14.9%, 7.7% and 0.9% for G1, G2, and G3, respectively (p < 0.001). Significant differences among the 3 groups for integrated fluorescence loss (mean +/- SD, G1: -14.28 +/- 9.47, G2: -11.10 +/- 11.49, and G3: -6.77 +/- 11.00) were found at T2 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both varnishes demonstrated the ability to prevent and remineralize WSLs. However, TiF4 varnish exhibited the most effective control over WSLs during the 12-month orthodontic treatment. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 19/26070-1 - Modulação da película adquirida do esmalte e do biofilme para o controle da perda mineral dentária: desvendando mecanismos e possibilitando terapias
• Beneficiário: Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 18/18147-1 - Prevenção e remineralização de lesões de mancha branca em ortodontia: comparação da eficácia do verniz de fluoreto de sódio e do verniz de tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4)
• Beneficiário: Samanta Mascarenhas Moraes
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto