Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 in a Cohort of Older Adults after ChAdOx1-S Vaccination and BA.4/5 Bivalent Booster

Autor(es)

Machado, Rafael Rahal Guaragna ; Candido, erika Donizetti ; Aguiar, Andressa Simoes ; Chalup, Vanessa Nascimento ; Sanches, Patricia Romao ; Dorlass, Erick Gustavo ; Amgarten, Deyvid Emanuel ; Pinho, Joao Renato Rebello ; Durigon, Edison Luiz ; Oliveira, Danielle Bruna Leal

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: VACCINES; v. 12, n. 2, p. 13-pg., 2024-02-01.

Resumo

The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages, including the BA.2-derived XBB.1.5 (Kraken), XBB.1.16 (Arcturus), and EG.5.1 (Eris), have accumulated several spike mutations that may increase immune escape, affecting vaccine effectiveness. Older adults are an understudied group at significantly increased risk of severe COVID-19. Here we report the neutralizing activities of 177 sera samples from 59 older adults, aged 62-97 years, 1 and 4 months after vaccination with a 4th dose of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and 3 months after a 5th dose of Comirnaty Bivalent Original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). The ChAdOx1-S vaccination-induced antibodies neutralized efficiently the ancestral D614G and BA.4/5 variants, but to a much lesser extent the XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, and EG.5.1 variants. The results showed similar neutralization titers between XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 and were lower compared to XBB.1.5. Sera from the same individuals boosted with the bivalent mRNA vaccine contained higher neutralizing antibody titers, providing a better cross-protection against Omicron XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 variants. Previous history of infection during the epidemiological waves of BA.1/BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5, poorly enhanced neutralization activity of serum samples against XBBs and EG.5.1 variants. Our data highlight the continued immune evasion of recent Omicron subvariants and support the booster administration of BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine, as a continuous strategy of updating future vaccine booster doses to match newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 20/06409-1 - Avaliação da resposta imune humoral e da resposta inflamatória em pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 no Hospital Sírio Libanês e correlação com a severidade da doença
• Beneficiário: Edison Luiz Durigon
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 17/24769-2 - Zika vírus em puérperas e neonatos: soroepidemiologia e caracterização molecular
• Beneficiário: Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto