Viral Metagenomics in Patients Who Underwent Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT): A Brazilian Experience

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de Campos, Gabriel Montenegro ; Costa, Thalita Cristina de Mello ; Silveira, Roberta Maraninchi ; Valenca, Ian Nunes ; Bezerra, Rafael dos Santos ; Darrigo Junior, Luiz Guilherme ; Vieira, Ana Carolina de Jesus ; Mesquita, Camila Campos ; Laurindo, Patricia da Silva ; Cunha, Renato Guerino ; Kashima, Simone ; Covas, Dimas Tadeu ; Simoes, Belinda Pinto ; Sampaio, Sandra Coccuzzo ; Elias, Maria Carolina ; Giovanetti, Marta ; Slavov, Svetoslav Nanev

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: MICROORGANISMS; v. 12, n. 12, p. 13-pg., 2024-12-01.

Resumo

Viral infections are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Immunosuppression may lead to the reactivation of latent viruses or the acquisition of new infections, resulting in severe clinical outcomes. The early detection of viral reactivations is crucial for effective patient management and post-transplant care. In this study, we employed next-generation metagenomics to assess changes in viral abundance and detect clinically significant viruses in allogeneic HSCT patients. A total of 20 patients from the Transplant Unit of the University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo were included, with plasma samples collected at three time points: D + 0 (pre-transplantation), D + 30 (30 days post-transplantation), and D + 100 (similar to 100 days post-transplantation). A higher presence of clinically relevant viruses, such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV), the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and adenoviruses, were predominantly detected at D + 30. The diversity of commensal viruses, primarily anelloviruses, increased gradually, with the highest abundance and variability detected at D + 100. Viruses with clinical importance for HSCT, including CMV, adenovirus and EBV, were confirmed and characterized at the molecular level, showing generally high cycle threshold values. Our findings demonstrate a rise in anellovirus abundance following allogeneic HSCT, with the highest levels observed at D + 100. Notably, D + 30 was identified as a critical time point for the reactivation of clinically significant viruses. This study underscores the potential of metagenomics in the identification of clinically relevant viruses and highlights the importance of monitoring latent viruses in immunocompromised populations, including allogeneic HSCT patients. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 19/08528-0 - Aplicação de métodos de bioinformática para identificação de infecções virais com impacto em hemoterapia
• Beneficiário: Rafael dos Santos Bezerra
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado
• Processo FAPESP: 19/07861-8 - Desenvolvimento de um pipeline de bioinformática para identificação de doenças infecciosas emergentes em pacientes em regime de transfusão crônica
• Beneficiário: Ian Nunes Valença
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado
• Processo FAPESP: 23/12155-0 - Aplicação de Algoritmos de Aprendizagem de Máquina para Identificação de Vírus em Dados Provenientes do dark matter (Matéria Escura) de Sequenciamento de Última Geração
• Beneficiário: Gabriel Montenegro de Campos
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado
• Processo FAPESP: 21/11944-6 - Contínuo aprimoramento de vacinas: Centro para Vigilância Viral e Avaliação Sorológica (CeVIVAS)
• Beneficiário: Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio Vessoni
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Ciência para o Desenvolvimento
• Processo FAPESP: 17/23205-8 - Avaliação do impacto de vírus emergentes e re-emergentes em hemoterapia e transplante de células-tronco por meio de técnicas moleculares avançadas
• Beneficiário: Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores