More than euglossines: the diverse pollinators and floral scents of Zygopetalinae orchids

Autor(es)

Nunes, Carlos E. P. ^[1] ; Wolowski, Marina ^[2] ; Pansarin, Emerson Ricardo ^[3] ; Gerlach, Gunter ^[4] ; Aximoff, Izar ^[5] ; Vereecken, Nicolas J. ^[6] ; Salvador, Marcos Jose ^[7] ; Sazima, Marlies ^[7]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Programa Posgrad Biol Vegetal, CP 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Alfenas, Inst Ciencias Nat, BR-37130001 Alfenas, MG - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biol, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras, BR-14040901 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[4] Bot Garden Munchen Nymphenburg, Menzinger Str, 65, D-80638 Munich - Germany

^[5] Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, BR-22460030 Rio De Janeiro, RG - Brazil

^[6] Free Univ Brussels, Agroecol & Pollinat Grp, Landscape Ecol & Plant Prod Syst Unit, Blvd Triomphe CP 264-2, B-1050 Brussels - Belgium

^[7] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Vegetal, CP 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN; v. 104, n. 11-12 DEC 2017.
• Citações Web of Science: 1

Resumo

Floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in plant-pollinator interactions. We investigated the reproductive ecology and floral VOCs of Zygopetalinae orchids to understand the relationship between floral scents and pollinators. We performed focal observations, phenological censuses and breeding system experiments in eight species in southeast Brazil. Floral scents were collected and analysed using SPME/GC-MS. We performed multivariate analyses to group species according to affinities of their VOCs and define compounds associated to each plant. Dichaea cogniauxiana was pollinated by weevils which use their developing ovules, while D. pendula was pollinated by the same weevils and perfume-collecting male euglossine bees. The other species were deceit-pollinated by bees. Zygopetalum crinitum was pollinated by carpenter bees, while W. warreana, Z. mackayi and Z. maxillare were bumblebee-pollinated. The latter was also pollinated by Centris confusa. Breeding system varied widely with no association to any pollinator group. Most VOCs are common to other floral scents. Zygopetalum crinitum presented an exclusive blend of VOCs, mainly composed of benzenoids. The scents of Pabstia jugosa, Promenaea xanthina and the Zygopetalum spp. were similar. The bumblebee-pollinated species have flowering periods partially overlapped, thus neither phenology nor pollinators constitute hybridization barriers among these species. Euglossines are not the only pollinators of Zygopetalinae. Different VOCs, size and lifespan of flowers are associated with distinct pollinators. A distinctive VOC bouquet may determine specialisation in carpenter bees or male euglossines within bee-pollinated flowers. Finally, visitation of deceit-pollinated flowers by perfume-collecting euglossines allows us to hypothesise how pollination by this group of bees had evolved. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 03/12595-7 - Composição florística, estrutura e funcionamento da Floresta Ombrófila Densa dos Núcleos Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, estado de São Paulo, Brasil
• Beneficiário: Carlos Alfredo Joly
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 13/15129-9 - Isolamento reprodutivo e polinização em Nematanthus Schrad. e Codonanthe (Mart.) Hanst. (Gesneriaceae), dois gêneros de plantas epífitas da floresta Atlântica
• Beneficiário: Marina Wolowski Torres
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado