Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafine aerosol particles

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Fan, Jiwen ^[1] ; Rosenfeld, Daniel ^[2] ; Zhang, Yuwei ^{[1, 3, 4]} ; Giangrande, Scott E. ^{[5, 6]} ; Li, Zhanqing ^{[3, 4, 7]} ; Machado, Luiz A. T. ^[8] ; Martin, Scot T. ^[9] ; Yang, Yan ^{[1, 10]} ; Wang, Jian ^[5] ; Artaxo, Paulo ^[11] ; Barbosa, Henrique M. J. ^{[12, 11]} ; Braga, Ramon C. ^[8] ; Comstock, Jennifer M. ^[1] ; Feng, Zhe ^[1] ; Gao, Wenhua ^{[1, 13]} ; Gomes, Helber B. ^[14] ; Mei, Fan ^[1] ; Poehlker, Christopher ^[15] ; Poehlker, Mira L. ^[15] ; Poeschl, Ulrich ^{[16, 17, 15]} ; de Souza, Rodrigo A. F. ^[18]

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^[1] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 - USA

^[2] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem - Israel

^[3] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 - USA

^[4] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 - USA

^[5] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 - USA

^[6] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Boston, MA 02115 - USA

^[7] Beijing Normal Univ, GCESS, State Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing - Peoples R China

^[8] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Previsao Tempo & Estudos Climat, Cachoeira Paulista - Brazil

^[9] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Boston, MA 02115 - USA

^[10] Beijing Municipal Weather Modificat Off, Beijing 100089 - Peoples R China

^[11] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Rua Matao 1371, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[12] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 - USA

^[13] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100086 - Peoples R China

^[14] Univ Fed Alagoas, Inst Atmospher Sci, Atmospher & Climate Dynam Lab, Maceio - Brazil

^[15] Max Planck Inst Chem, Multiphase Chem Dept, D-55020 Mainz - Germany

^[16] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55020 Mainz - Germany

^[17] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-55122 Mainz - Germany

^[18] Amazonas State Univ UEA, Sch Technol, Dept Meteorol, Manaus, AM - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Science; v. 359, n. 6374, p. 411+, JAN 26 2018.
• Citações Web of Science: 27

Resumo

Aerosol-cloud interactions remain the largest uncertainty in climate projections. Ultrafine aerosol particles smaller than 50 nanometers (UAP(<50)) can be abundant in the troposphere but are conventionally considered too small to affect cloud formation. Observational evidence and numerical simulations of deep convective clouds (DCCs) over the Amazon show that DCCs forming in a low-aerosol environment can develop very large vapor supersaturation because fast droplet coalescence reduces integrated droplet surface area and subsequent condensation. UAP(<50) from pollution plumes that are ingested into such clouds can be activated to form additional cloud droplets on which excess supersaturation condenses and forms additional cloud water and latent heating, thus intensifying convective strength. This mechanism suggests a strong anthropogenic invigoration of DCCs in previously pristine regions of the world. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/05014-0 - GoAmazon: interação da pluma urbana de Manaus com emissões biogênicas da Floresta Amazônica
• Beneficiário: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 09/15235-8 - Processos de nuvens associados aos principais sistemas precipitantes no Brasil: uma contribuição à modelagem da escala de nuvens e ao GPM (Medida Global de Precipitação)
• Beneficiário: Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 13/50510-5 - Pesquisa colaborativa Brasil-EUA: modificações causadas pela poluição antrópica na química da atmosfera e na microfísica de partículas da floresta tropical durante as campanhas intensivas do GoAmazon
• Beneficiário: Henrique de Melo Jorge Barbosa
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Regular