Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

Autor(es):Mostrar menos -

Machado, Luiz A. T. ^[1] ; Calheiros, Alan J. P. ^[1] ; Biscaro, Thiago ^[1] ; Giangrande, Scott ^[2] ; Silva Dias, Maria A. F. ^[3] ; Cecchini, Micael A. ^[3] ; Albrecht, Rachel ^[3] ; Andreae, Meinrat O. ^{[4, 5]} ; Araujo, Wagner F. ^[1] ; Artaxo, Paulo ^[6] ; Borrmann, Stephan ^[4] ; Braga, Ramon ^[1] ; Burleyson, Casey ^[7] ; Eichholz, Cristiano W. ^[1] ; Fan, Jiwen ^[7] ; Feng, Zhe ^[7] ; Fisch, Gilberto F. ^[8] ; Jensen, Michael P. ^[2] ; Martin, Scot T. ^[9] ; Poeschl, Ulrich ^[4] ; Poehlker, Christopher ^[4] ; Poehlker, Mira L. ^[4] ; Ribaud, Jean-Francois ^[1] ; Rosenfeld, Daniel ^[10] ; Saraiva, Jaci M. B. ^[11] ; Schumacher, Courtney ^[12] ; Thalman, Ryan ^[13] ; Walter, David ^[4] ; Wendisch, Manfred ^[14]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es):Mostrar menos -

^[1] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos - Brazil

^[2] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 - USA

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geophys & Atmospher Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz - Germany

^[5] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 - USA

^[6] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[7] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA - USA

^[8] Dept Aerosp Sci & Technol, Sao Jose Dos Campos - Brazil

^[9] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 - USA

^[10] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem - Israel

^[11] Amazon Protect Syst SIPAM, Manaus, Amazonas - Brazil

^[12] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX - USA

^[13] Snow Coll, Richfield, UT - USA

^[14] Univ Leipzig, Leipzig Inst Meteorol, Leipzig - Germany

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics; v. 18, n. 9, p. 6461-6482, MAY 7 2018.
• Citações Web of Science: 5

Resumo

This study provides an overview of precipitation processes and their sensitivities to environmental conditions in the Central Amazon Basin near Manaus during the GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA experiments. This study takes advantage of the numerous measurement platforms and instrument systems operating during both campaigns to sample cloud structure and environmental conditions during 2014 and 2015; the rainfall variability among seasons, aerosol loading, land surface type, and topography has been carefully characterized using these data. Differences between the wet and dry seasons were examined from a variety of perspectives. The rainfall rates distribution, total amount of rainfall, and raindrop size distribution (the mass-weighted mean diameter) were quantified over both seasons. The dry season generally exhibited higher rainfall rates than the wet season and included more intense rainfall periods. However, the cumulative rainfall during the wet season was 4 times greater than that during the total dry season rainfall, as shown in the total rainfall accumulation data. The typical size and life cycle of Amazon cloud clusters (observed by satellite) and rain cells (observed by radar) were examined, as were differences in these systems between the seasons. Moreover, monthly mean thermodynamic and dynamic variables were analysed using radiosondes to elucidate the differences in rainfall characteristics during the wet and dry seasons. The sensitivity of rainfall to atmospheric aerosol loading was discussed with regard to mass-weighted mean diameter and rain rate. This topic was evaluated only dur- ing the wet season due to the insignificant statistics of rainfall events for different aerosol loading ranges and the low frequency of precipitation events during the dry season. The impacts of aerosols on cloud droplet diameter varied based on droplet size. For the wet season, we observed no dependence between land surface type and rain rate. However, during the dry season, urban areas exhibited the largest rainfall rate tail distribution, and deforested regions exhibited the lowest mean rainfall rate. Airplane measurements were taken to characterize and contrast cloud microphysical properties and processes over forested and deforested regions. Vertical motion was not correlated with cloud droplet sizes, but cloud droplet concentration correlated linearly with vertical motion. Clouds over forested areas contained larger droplets than clouds over pastures at all altitudes. Finally, the connections between topography and rain rate were evaluated, with higher rainfall rates identified at higher elevations during the dry season. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 15/14497-0 - Previsão imediata de tempestades intensas e entendimento dos processos físicos no interior das nuvens: o SOS-CHUVA (Sistema de Observação e Previsão de Tempo Severo)
• Beneficiário: Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 14/08615-7 - Processos de formação da precipitação: um estudo sobre a microfísica, a interação com aerossóis e o ciclo de vida da nuvem a partir de medidas de radares e aeronaves
• Beneficiário: Micael Amore Cecchini
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 09/15235-8 - Processos de nuvens associados aos principais sistemas precipitantes no Brasil: uma contribuição à modelagem da escala de nuvens e ao GPM (Medida Global de Precipitação)
• Beneficiário: Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático