Fungal spores as a source of sodium salt particles in the Amazon basin

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China, Swarup ^[1] ; Burrows, Susannah M. ^[2] ; Wang, Bingbing ^[3] ; Harder, Tristan H. ^{[4, 5, 6]} ; Weis, Johannes ^{[4, 5, 6]} ; Tanarhte, Meryem ^[7] ; Rizzo, V, Luciana ; Brito, Joel ^{[8, 9]} ; Cirino, Glauber G. ^[10] ; Ma, Po-Lun ^[2] ; Cliff, John ^[1] ; Artaxo, Paulo ^[8] ; Gilles, Mary K. ^[5] ; Laskin, Alexander ^[11]

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^[1] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 - USA

^[2] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 - USA

^[3] Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361102 - Peoples R China

^[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA

^[5] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA

^[6] Univ Wurzburg, Phys Inst, D-97074 Wurzburg - Germany

^[7] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz - Germany

^[8] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, Rua Matao 1371, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[9] Univ Lille, SAGE, IMT Lille Douai, F-59000 Lille - France

^[10] Fed Univ Para, Geosci Inst, BR-66075110 Belem, Para - Brazil

^[11] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 - USA

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS; v. 9, NOV 19 2018.
• Citações Web of Science: 4

Resumo

In the Amazon basin, particles containing mixed sodium salts are routinely observed and are attributed to marine aerosols transported from the Atlantic Ocean. Using chemical imaging analysis, we show that, during the wet season, fungal spores emitted by the forest biosphere contribute at least 30% (by number) to sodium salt particles in the central Amazon basin. Hydration experiments indicate that sodium content in fungal spores governs their growth factors. Modeling results suggest that fungal spores account for -69% (31-95%) of the total sodium mass during the wet season and that their fractional contribution increases during nighttime. Contrary to common assumptions that sodium-containing aerosols originate primarily from marine sources, our results suggest that locally-emitted fungal spores contribute substantially to the number and mass of coarse particles containing sodium. Hence, their role in cloud formation and contribution to salt cycles and the terrestrial ecosystem in the Amazon basin warrant further consideration. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/25058-1 - O impacto da poluição urbana de Manaus na composição dos gases e material particulado na floresta amazônica
• Beneficiário: Joel Ferreira de Brito
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 13/05014-0 - GoAmazon: interação da pluma urbana de Manaus com emissões biogênicas da Floresta Amazônica
• Beneficiário: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 08/58100-2 - Aeroclima: efeitos diretos e indiretos de aerossóis no clima da Amazônia e Pantanal
• Beneficiário: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo Netto
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais - Temático