Forty Years of the Description of Brown Spider Venom Phospholipases-D

Autor(es)

Gremski, Luiza Helena ^[1] ; da Justa, Hanna Camara ^[1] ; da Silva, Thais Pereira ^[1] ; Polli, Nayanne Louise Costacurta ^[1] ; Antunes, Bruno Cesar ^{[1, 2]} ; Minozzo, Joao Carlos ^[2] ; Wille, Ana Carolina Martins ^[3] ; Senff-Ribeiro, Andrea ^[1] ; Arni, Raghuvir Krishnaswamy ^[4] ; Veiga, Silvio Sanches ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Fed Parana UFPR, Dept Biol Celular, BR-81531980 Curitiba, PR - Brazil

^[2] CPPI, BR-83302200 Piraquara, PR - Brazil

^[3] Univ Estadual Ponta Grossa, Dept Biol Estrutural Mol & Genet, BR-84030900 Ponta Grossa, PR - Brazil

^[4] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Ctr Multiusuario Inovacao Biomol, Dept Fis, BR-15054000 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: TOXINS; v. 12, n. 3 MAR 2020.
• Citações Web of Science: 1

Resumo

Spiders of the genus Loxosceles, popularly known as Brown spiders, are considered a serious public health issue, especially in regions of hot or temperate climates, such as parts of North and South America. Although the venoms of these arachnids are complex in molecular composition, often containing proteins with distinct biochemical characteristics, the literature has primarily described a family of toxins, the Phospholipases-D (PLDs), which are highly conserved in all Loxosceles species. PLDs trigger most of the major clinical symptoms of loxoscelism i.e., dermonecrosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and acute renal failure. The key role played by PLDs in the symptomatology of loxoscelism was first described 40 years ago, when researches purified a hemolytic toxin that cleaved sphingomyelin and generated choline, and was referred to as a Sphingomyelinase-D, which was subsequently changed to Phospholipase-D when it was demonstrated that the enzyme also cleaved other cellular phospholipids. In this review, we present the information gleaned over the last 40 years about PLDs from Loxosceles venoms especially with regard to the production and characterization of recombinant isoforms. The history of obtaining these toxins is discussed, as well as their molecular organization and mechanisms of interaction with their substrates. We will address cellular biology aspects of these toxins and how they can be used in the development of drugs to address inflammatory processes and loxoscelism. Present and future aspects of loxoscelism diagnosis will be discussed, as well as their biotechnological applications and actions expected for the future in this field. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 15/13765-0 - ESTUDOS ESTRUTURAIS E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PROTEÍNAS POR CRISTALOGRAFIA DE RAIOS-X E RESSONÂNCIA MAGNETICA NUCLEAR. Investigações estruturais e biofísicas dos mecanismos moleculares de proteínas funcionais
• Beneficiário: Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 15/18868-2 - Aquisição de equipamento multiusuário para biologia molecular e estrutural
• Beneficiário: Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa Equipamentos Multiusuários