How Do Leaf-Cutting Ants Recognize Antagonistic Microbes in Their Fungal Crops?

Autor(es)

Goes, Aryel C. ^[1] ; Barcoto, Mariana O. ^[1] ; Kooij, Pepijn W. ^{[1, 2]} ; Bueno, Odair C. ^[1] ; Rodrigues, Andre ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Ctr Study Social Insects, Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro - Brazil

^[2] Royal Bot Gardens, Comparat Plant & Fungal Biol, London - England

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION; v. 8, MAY 5 2020.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Leaf-cutting ants employ diverse behavioral strategies for promoting the growth of fungal cultivars in a structure known as fungus garden. As a nutritionally rich resource for the ants, the fungal crop is threatened by microbial antagonists and pathogens. Strategies for protecting the garden against harmful microbes have been described in detail, although the process of microbial threat recognition is not fully understood. Here, we review the literature on leaf-cutting ants' social immunity traits, in search of possibilities by which workers recognize harmful microbes in their system. Based on current data, we suggest mechanisms regarding (1) chemical recognition, where discrimination could be related to chemical cues from the antagonistic microbe or semiochemicals released by the fungus garden during harmful interactions, or (2) through associative learning when workers would connect the microbe cues with a damage in the fungus garden, developing a ``colony-level memory{''} toward this threat. We also discuss evidence supporting ant-fungus communication as key for maintaining the health of the fungus garden, as well as experimental setups for future evaluation of threat detection and recognition by leaf-cutting ants. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 12/25299-6 - Estudos integrados para o controle de formigas cortadeiras
• Beneficiário: João Batista Fernandes
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 19/03087-6 - Em busca de especificidade e aprendizado no reconhecimento defensivo contra fungos antagonistas em colônias de Atta Sexdens
• Beneficiário: Aryel Camero Goes
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Brasil - Iniciação Científica
• Processo FAPESP: 19/03746-0 - Pesquisa colaborativa: Dimensions US-São Paulo: integrando filogenia, genética e ecologia química para desvendar a emaranhada simbiose multipartida das formigas cultivadoras de fungos
• Beneficiário: André Rodrigues
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Temático