Autonomic innervation of the carotid body as a determinant of its sensitivity: implications for cardiovascular physiology and pathology

Autor(es)

Brognara, Fernanda ^{[1, 2]} ; Felippe, Igor S. A. ^[2] ; Salgado, Helio C. ^[1] ; Paton, Julian F. R. ^[2]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Physiol, Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Auckland, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol, 85 Pk Rd, Grafton Auckland 1023 - New Zealand

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: Cardiovascular Research; v. 117, n. 4, p. 1015-1032, APR 1 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

The motivation for this review comes from the emerging complexity of the autonomic innervation of the carotid body (CB) and its putative role in regulating chemoreceptor sensitivity. With the carotid bodies as a potential therapeutic target for numerous cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases, an understanding of the neural control of its circulation is most relevant. Since nerve fibres track blood vessels and receive autonomic innervation, we initiate our review by describing the origins of arterial feed to the CB and its unique vascular architecture and blood flow. Arterial feed(s) vary amongst species and, unequivocally, the arterial blood supply is relatively high to this organ. The vasculature appears to form separate circuits inside the CB with one having arterial venous anastomoses. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves are present with postganglionic neurons located within the CB or close to it in the form of paraganglia. Their role in arterial vascular resistance control is described as is how CB blood flow relates to carotid sinus afferent activity. We discuss non-vascular targets of autonomic nerves, their possible role in controlling glomus cell activity, and how certain transmitters may relate to function. We propose that the autonomic nerves sub-serving the CB provide a rapid mechanism to tune the gain of peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity based on alterations in blood flow and oxygen delivery, and might provide future therapeutic targets. However, there remain a number of unknowns regarding these mechanisms that require further research that is discussed. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/16953-0 - A inervação vascular e simpática do corpúsculo carotídeo: está alterada na hipertensão?
• Beneficiário: Fernanda Brognara Penteado Dias
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Doutorado Direto
• Processo FAPESP: 13/20549-7 - Avanços na regulação cardiocirculatória em condições fisiológica e fisiopatológica
• Beneficiário: Helio Cesar Salgado
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 17/05163-6 - Papel do sistema nervoso autônomo parassimpático e simpático na modulação da sepse em ratos não anestesiados
• Beneficiário: Fernanda Brognara Penteado Dias
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado Direto