Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signaling and Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Emerging Biomarkers and Opportunities for Precision Therapeutics

Autor(es)

Chaves, Luiz Paulo ^[1] ; Melo, Camila Morais ^[1] ; Saggioro, Fabiano Pinto ^[2] ; Reis, Rodolfo Borges dos ^[3] ; Squire, Jeremy Andrew ^{[4, 1]}

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Med Sch Ribeirao Preto, Dept Genet, BR-14048900 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Med Sch Ribeirao Preto, Pathol Dept, BR-14048900 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Med Sch Ribeirao Preto, Dept Surg & Anat, Div Urol, BR-14048900 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[4] Queens Univ, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 - Canada

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: GENES; v. 12, n. 12 DEC 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Prostate cancers may reactivate a latent embryonic program called the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the development of metastatic disease. Through EMT, tumors can develop a mesenchymal phenotype similar to cancer stem cell traits that contributes to metastasis and variation in therapeutic responses. Some of the recurrent somatic mutations of prostate cancer affect EMT driver genes and effector transcription factors that induce the chromatin- and androgen-dependent epigenetic alterations that characterize castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). EMT regulators in prostate cancer comprise transcription factors (SNAI1/2, ZEB1, TWIST1, and ETS), tumor suppressor genes (RB1, PTEN, and TP53), and post-transcriptional regulators (miRNAs) that under the selective pressures of antiandrogen therapy can develop an androgen-independent metastatic phenotype. In prostate cancer mouse models of EMT, Slug expression, as well as WNT/beta-Catenin and notch signaling pathways, have been shown to increase stemness potential. Recent single-cell transcriptomic studies also suggest that the stemness phenotype of advanced prostate cancer may be related to EMT. Other evidence correlates EMT and stemness with immune evasion, for example, activation of the polycomb repressor complex I, promoting EMT and stemness and cytokine secretion through RB1, TP53, and PRC1. These findings are helping clinical trials in CRPC that seek to understand how drugs and biomarkers related to the acquisition of EMT can improve drug response. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 19/22912-8 - Caracterização dos mecanismos genéticos que levam à evasão imunológica no microambiente tumoral do Câncer de Próstata
• Beneficiário: Jeremy Andrew Squire
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 20/12816-9 - O ZEB1 colabora com a perda de PTEN e a fusão TMPRSS2-ERG na evasão tumoral do câncer de próstata?
• Beneficiário: Luiz Paulo Chaves de Souza
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado