Autor(es)

Avanzi, Guilherme Afonso de Campos ; Santos, Vinicius Sarracini ; Constantino, Isabela Carreira ; Metzker, Gustavo ; Boscolo, Mauricio ; Bisinoti, Marcia Cristina ; Ferreira, Odair Pastor ; Moreira, Altair Benedito

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: ACS OMEGA; v. 10, n. 23, p. 8-pg., 2025-06-02.

Resumo

Sewage sludge (SS) is a complex biomass with a high content of inorganic and organic matter. The hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) was used to produce a carbonaceous material with energy densification derived from SS. For this, temperatures of 200, 240, and 280 degrees C, reaction times of 30, 75, and 120 min, without or with H2SO4 acid addition (0.5 and 1% v/v) were assessed in the SS HTC process. Hydrochars (HC) were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and CHNS elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. The energetic evaluation was performed by a higher heating value (HHV) estimation. HC presented yields ranging from 44.4 to 57.8% with a high content of organic matter and ashes due to the composition of SS. The H/C and O/C atomic ratios, ranging from 0.93 to 1.93 and 0.12 to 0.39, respectively, indicated the carbonization of SS due to dehydration and decarboxylation reactions, resulting in a carbonaceous material. FTIR analysis indicates the presence of different organic groups (i.e., O-H, C-H, C=C, and C=O), as well as inorganic ones (Si-O). HHV of HC ranged from 13.4 to 16.5 MJ kg-1 with energy densification from 0.9 to 1.1, indicating a similar energy content of HC and SS. However, energy yield efficiency ranged from 38.2 to 57.2%, being correlated with temperature and time in both acidic conditions. Combustion behavior of HC indicates that higher thermal stabilization was provided with the increase of temperature, time, and sulfuric acid. (AU)

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