Modularity, pollination systems, and interaction turnover in plant-pollinator networks across space

Autor(es)

Carstensen, Daniel W. ^{[1, 2]} ; Sabatino, Malena ^[3] ; Morellato, Leonor Patricia C. ^[2]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O - Denmark

^[2] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, Lab Fenol, Plant Phenol & Seed Dispersal Grp, Ave 24-A 1515, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP - Brazil

^[3] INTA, EEA, CC 276, RA-7620 Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: ECOLOGY; v. 97, n. 5, p. 1298-1306, MAY 2016.
• Citações Web of Science: 16

Resumo

Mutualistic interaction networks have been shown to be structurally conserved over space and time while pairwise interactions show high variability. In such networks, modularity is the division of species into compartments, or modules, where species within modules share more interactions with each other than they do with species from other modules. Such a modular structure is common in mutualistic networks and several evolutionary and ecological mechanisms have been proposed as underlying drivers. One prominent explanation is the existence of pollination syndromes where flowers tend to attract certain pollinators as determined by a set of traits. We investigate the modularity of seven community level plant-pollinator networks sampled in rupestrian grasslands, or campos rupestres, in SE Brazil. Defining pollination systems as corresponding groups of flower syndromes and pollinator functional groups, we test the two hypotheses that (1) interacting species from the same pollination system are more often assigned to the same module than interacting species from different pollination systems and; that (2) interactions between species from the same pollination system are more consistent across space than interactions between species from different pollination systems. Specifically we ask (1) whether networks are consistently modular across space; (2) whether interactions among species of the same pollination system occur more often inside modules, compared to interactions among species of different pollination systems, and finally; (3) whether the spatial variation in interaction identity, i.e., spatial interaction rewiring, is affected by trait complementarity among species as indicated by pollination systems. We confirm that networks are consistently modular across space and that interactions within pollination systems principally occur inside modules. Despite a strong tendency, we did not find a significant effect of pollination systems on the spatial consistency of pairwise interactions. These results indicate that the spatial rewiring of interactions could be constrained by pollination systems, resulting in conserved network structures in spite of high variation in pairwise interactions. Our findings suggest a relevant role of pollination systems in structuring plant-pollinator networks and we argue that structural patterns at the sub-network level can help us to fully understand how and why interactions vary across space and time. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 13/05920-0 - Variação de espaço e tempo nas redes de interação planta-polinizador
• Beneficiário: Daniel Wisbech Carstensen
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 11/22635-2 - Diversidade florística e padrões sazonais dos campos rupestres e cerrado
• Beneficiário: Daniel Wisbech Carstensen
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 10/51307-0 - Diversidade florística e padrões sazonais dos campos rupestres e cerrado
• Beneficiário: Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Parceria para Inovação Tecnológica - PITE
• Processo FAPESP: 14/01594-4 - Variação de redes planta-polinizador e pares de interações no espaço e no tempo
• Beneficiário: Daniel Wisbech Carstensen
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado