The complex evolutionary history of the tympanic middle ear in frogs and toads (Anura)

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Pereyra, Martin O. ; Womack, Molly C. ; Sebastian Barrionuevo, J. ; Blotto, Boris L. ; Baldo, Diego ; Targino, Mariane ; Ospina-Sarria, Jhon Jairo ; Guayasamin, Juan M. ; Coloma, Luis A. ; Hoke, Kim L. ; Grant, Taran ; Faivovich, Julian

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS; v. 6, SEP 28 2016.
• Citações Web of Science: 12

Resumo

Most anurans possess a tympanic middle ear (TME) that transmits sound waves to the inner ear; however, numerous species lack some or all TME components. To understand the evolution of these structures, we undertook a comprehensive assessment of their occurrence across anurans and performed ancestral character state reconstructions. Our analysis indicates that the TME was completely lost at least 38 independent times in Anura. The inferred evolutionary history of the TME is exceptionally complex in true toads (Bufonidae), where it was lost in the most recent common ancestor, preceding a radiation of >150 earless species. Following that initial loss, independent regains of some or all TME structures were inferred within two minor clades and in a radiation of >400 species. The reappearance of the TME in the latter clade was followed by at least 10 losses of the entire TME. The many losses and gains of the TME in anurans is unparalleled among tetrapods. Our results show that anurans, and especially bufonid toads, are an excellent model to study the behavioural correlates of earlessness, extratympanic sound pathways, and the genetic and developmental mechanisms that underlie the morphogenesis of TME structures. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 12/10000-5 - Uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o estudo da diversificação de anfíbios
• Beneficiário: Taran Grant
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores
• Processo FAPESP: 14/03585-2 - Análise filogenética das rãs de desenvolvimento direto (Anura, Terrarana, Craugastoridae)
• Beneficiário: Jhon Jairo Ospina Sarria
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 13/20423-3 - Relacionamentos entre os grandes clados de Hyloidea (Anura: Neobatrachia): um dos principais problemas na filogenia dos anuros
• Beneficiário: Boris Leonardo Blotto Acuña
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 13/50741-7 - Diversidade e conservação dos anfíbios brasileiros
• Beneficiário: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 12/09401-5 - Análise filogenética de Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870, um gênero megadiverso de anfíbios (Anura, Terrarana, Craugastoridae)
• Beneficiário: Mariane Targino Rocha
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado