Multiscale land use impacts on water quality: Assessment, planning, and future perspectives in Brazil

Autor(es)

de Mello, Kaline ^[1] ; Taniwaki, Ricardo Hideo ^[2] ; de Paula, Felipe Rossetti ^[3] ; Valente, Roberta Averna ^[4] ; Randhir, Timothy O. ^[5] ; Macedo, Diego Rodrigues ^[6] ; Leal, Cecilia Gontijo ^[3] ; Rodrigues, Carolina Bozetti ^[7] ; Hughes, Robert M. ^{[8, 9]}

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Dept Ecol, R Matao 321, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[2] Fed Univ ABC, Engn Modelling & Appl Social Sci Ctr, Av Estados 5001, Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, Dept Forest Sci, R Padua Dias 11, Piracicaba, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Environm Sci, Sorocaba Campus, Rodovia Joao Leme dos Santos, Sorocaba, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Holdsworth Hall, Amherst, MA 01003 - USA

^[6] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Geosci, Dept Geog, Av Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

^[7] Prat Socioambiental, Rua Capitao Alberto Aguiar Weissohn 337, Guararema, SP - Brazil

^[8] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 - USA

^[9] Oregon State Univ, Amnis Opes Inst, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 - USA

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: Journal of Environmental Management; v. 270, SEP 15 2020.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

Brazil contains the largest volume of freshwater of any nation in the world; however, this essential natural resource is threatened by rapid increases in water consumption and water quality degradation, mainly as a result of anthropogenic pressures. Declining water quality has become an increasingly more significant global concern as economic activities and human populations expand and climate change markedly alters hydrological cycles. Changes in land-use/land-cover (LULC) pattern have been recognized as a major driver of water quality degradation, however different LULC types and intensities affect water quality in different ways. In addition, the relationships between LULC and water quality may differ for different spatial and temporal scales. The increase in deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urban sprawl in Brazil highlights the need for water quality protection to ensure immediate human needs and to maintain the quality of water supplies in the long-term. Thus, this manuscript provides an overview of the relationships between LULC and water quality in Brazil, aiming at understanding the effects of different LULC types on water quality, how spatial and temporal scales contribute to these effects, and how such knowledge can improve watershed management and future projections. In general, agriculture and urban areas are the main LULCs responsible for water quality degradation in Brazil. However, although representing a small percentage of the territory, mining has a high impact on water quality. Water quality variables respond differently at different spatial scales, so spatial extent is an important aspect to be considered in studies and management. LULC impacts on water quality also vary seasonally and lag effects mean they take time to occur. Forest restoration can improve water quality and multicriteria evaluation has been applied to identify priority areas for forest restoration and conservation aiming at protecting water quality, but both need further exploration. Watershed modelling has been applied to simulate future impacts of LULC change on water quality, but data availability must be improved to increase the number, locations and duration of studies. Because of the international nature of watersheds and the consistent relationships between land use and water quality in Brazil, we believe our results will also aid water management in other countries. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 17/02455-6 - Desnitrificação e emissões de gases de efeito estufa em florestas riparias e pequenos riachos tropicais
• Beneficiário: Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 14/19093-1 - Modelagem da qualidade de água em microbacias agrícolas tropicais
• Beneficiário: Kaline de Mello
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 18/12341-0 - Funções ecológicas de florestas secundárias e seu papel na conservação de riachos em paisagens agrícolas da Amazônia Brasileira
• Beneficiário: Felipe Rossetti de Paula
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 17/24028-2 - Elaboração de mapa de áreas prioritárias para compensação de Reserva Legal no Estado de São Paulo e desenvolvimento de protótipo de ferramenta automatizada de consulta a informações georreferenciadas
• Beneficiário: Kaline de Mello
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 17/25383-0 - Avaliação em larga escala das ameaças antrópicas à biodiversidade aquática da Amazônia
• Beneficiário: Cecília Gontijo Leal
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 18/21612-8 - Estruturação de processo decisório, visando à priorização de área em programas de serviços ecossistêmicos hídricos
• Beneficiário: Roberta Averna Valente B Tolini
• Linha de fomento: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular