What Happens to the Immune System after Vaccination or Recovery from COVID-19?

Autor(es)

Tiyo, Bruna T. ; Schmitz, Gabriela J. H. ; Ortega, Marina M. ; da Silva, Lais T. ; de Almeida, Alexandre ; Oshiro, Telma M. ; Duarte, Alberto J. da S.

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: LIFE-BASEL; v. 11, n. 11, p. 21-pg., 2021-11-01.

Resumo

Due to its leading role in fighting infections, the human immune system has been the focus of many studies in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a worldwide effort, the scientific community has transitioned from reporting about the effects of the novel coronavirus on the human body in the early days of the pandemic to exploring the body's many immunopathological and immunoprotecting properties that have improved disease treatment and enabled the development of vaccines. The aim of this review is to explain what happens to the immune system after recovery from COVID-19 and/or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the disease. We detail the way in which the immune system responds to a SARS-CoV-2 infection, including innate and adaptive measures. Then, we describe the role of vaccination, the main types of COVID-19 vaccines and how they protect us. Further, we explain the reason why immunity after COVID-19 infection plus a vaccination appears to induce a stronger response compared with virus exposure alone. Additionally, this review reports some correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, we reinforce that vaccination is safe and important in achieving herd immunity. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 16/25212-9 - Vacina terapêutica baseada em células dendríticas aDC1 e vírus autólogo inativado visando o controle viral de indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1 em interrupção de terapia antirretroviral
• Beneficiário: Alberto José da Silva Duarte
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático
• Processo FAPESP: 21/06139-7 - Caracterização e carregamento de antígenos relevantes de HIV em células dendríticas aDC1 para imunoterapia anti-HIV
• Beneficiário: Gabriela Justamante Handel Schmitz
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 18/12460-0 - Produção e caracterização de células dendríticas polarizantes aDC1 para protocolo clínico de imunoterapia anti-HIV
• Beneficiário: Laís Teodoro da Silva
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado