Trends in hydrogel-based encapsulation technologies for advanced cell therapies applied to limb ischemia

Autor(es)

Rodrigues Costa, Ana Leticia ; Willerth, Stephanie M. ; de la Torre, Lucimara Gaziola ; Han, Sang Won

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: MATERIALS TODAY BIO; v. 13, p. 19-pg., 2022-01-01.

Resumo

Ischemia occurs when blood flow is reduced or restricted, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrient supply and removal of metabolites in a body part. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe clinical manifestation of peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis serves as the main cause of CLI, which arises from the deposition of lipids in the artery wall, forming atheroma and causing inflammation. Although several therapies exist for the treatment of CLI, pharmacotherapy still has low efficacy, and vascular surgery often cannot be performed due to the pathophysiological heterogeneity of each patient. Gene and cell therapies have emerged as alternative treatments for the treatment of CLI by promoting angiogenesis. However, the delivery of autologous, heterologous or genetically modified cells into the ischemic tissue remains challenging, as these cells can die at the injection site and/or leak into other tissues. The encapsulation of these cells within hydrogels for local delivery is probably one of the promising options today. Hydrogels, three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked polymer networks, enable manipulation of physical and chemical properties to mimic the extracellular matrix. Thus, specific biostructures can be developed by adjusting prepolymer properties and encapsulation process variables, such as viscosity and flow rate of fluids, depending on the final biomedical application. Electrostatic droplet extrusion, micromolding, micro fluidics, and 3D printing have been the most commonly used technologies for cell encapsulation due to their versatility in producing different hydrogel-based systems (e.g., microgels, fibers, vascularized architectures and perfusable single vessels) with great potential to treat ischemic diseases. This review discusses the cell encapsulation technologies associated with hydrogels which are currently used for advanced therapies applied to limb ischemia, describing their principles, advantages, disadvantages, potentials, and innovative therapeutic ideas. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/06635-1 - Desenvolvimento de sistemas efetivos baseados de biomateriais para entrega segura e eficiente de macrófagos derivados de iPSC no músculo esquelético para tratar a isquemia de membro
• Beneficiário: Sang Won Han
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 18/19537-8 - Microfluídica como plataforma tecnológica para nano & biotecnologia
• Beneficiário: Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 20/02313-0 - Microfluídica e bioimpressão 3D como rotas para o desenvolvimento de sistemas para encapsulação de macrófagos à base de hidrogéis híbridos de gelana e fibrina
• Beneficiário: Ana Leticia Rodrigues Costa Lelis
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 15/20206-8 - Modulação de monócitos, macrófagos e pericitos pelos genes dos fatores estimuladores de colônia para tratamento de isquemia de membros em modelo murino
• Beneficiário: Sang Won Han
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático