A cytochrome bd repressed by a MarR family regulator confers resistance to metals, nitric oxide, sulfide, and cyanide in Chromobacterium violaceum

Autor(es)

Batista, Bianca B. ; de Lima, Vinicius M. ; Will, W. Ryan ; Fang, Ferric C. ; da Silva Neto, Jose F.

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Applied and Environmental Microbiology; v. 91, n. 2, p. 15-pg., 2025-01-24.

Resumo

Chromobacterium violaceum is a ubiquitous environmental pathogen. Despite its remarkable adaptability, little is known about the mechanisms of stress resistance in this bacterium. Here, in a screen for iron-susceptible transposon mutants, we identified a cytochrome bd that protects C. violaceum against multiple stresses. The two subunits of this cytochrome bd (CioAB) are encoded by the cioRAB operon, which also encodes a GbsR-type MarR family transcription factor (CioR). A triangle cioAB mutant strain was sensitive to iron and the iron-requiring antibiotic streptonigrin and showed a decrease in siderophore production. Growth curves and survival assays revealed that the triangle cioAB strain was also sensitive to zinc, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, sulfide, and cyanide. Expression analysis showed that the promoter activity of the cioRAB operon and the transcript levels of the cioAB genes were increased in a triangle cioR mutant. CioR bound the promoter region of the cio operon in vitro, indicating that CioR is a direct repressor of its own operon. Expression of the cio operon increased at high cell density and was dependent on the quorum-sensing regulator CviR. As cyanide is also a signal for cio expression, and production of endogenous cyanide is known to be a quorum sensing-regulated trait in C. violaceum, we suggest that CioAB is a cyanide-insensitive terminal oxidase that allows respiration under cyanogenic growth conditions. Our findings indicate that the cytochrome bd CioAB protects C. violaceum against multiple stress agents that are potentially produced endogenously or during interactions with a host. IMPORTANCE The terminal oxidases of bacterial respiratory chains rely on heme-copper (heme-copper oxidases) or heme (cytochrome bd) to catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that uses oxygen and other electron acceptors for respiration under conditions of varying oxygen availability. The C. violaceum genome encodes multiple respiratory terminal oxidases, but their role and regulation remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that CioAB, the single cytochrome bd from C. violaceum, protects this bacterium against multiple stressors that are inhibitors of heme-copper oxidases, including nitric oxide, sulfide, and cyanide. CioAB also confers C. violaceum resistance to iron, zinc, and hydrogen peroxide. This cytochrome bd is encoded by the cioRAB operon, which is under direct repression by the MarR-type regulator CioR. In addition, the cioRAB operon responds to quorum sensing and to cyanide, suggesting a protective mechanism of increasing CioAB in the setting of high endogenous cyanide production. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/19058-2 - Caracterização de novos mecanismos regulatórios e de resistência ao ferro em Chromobacterium violaceum
• Beneficiário: Bianca Bontempi Batista
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 20/15268-2 - Mecanismos de homeostase de heme em Chromobacterium violaceum
• Beneficiário: Vinicius Marques de Lima
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 21/10577-0 - Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia de Bactérias e Bacteriófagos (CEPID B3)
• Beneficiário: Shaker Chuck Farah
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão - CEPIDs
• Processo FAPESP: 21/09170-2 - O papel de um fator de transcrição da família MarR na homeostase do ferro em Chromobacterium violaceum
• Beneficiário: Bianca Bontempi Batista
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 21/06894-0 - Fatores de transcrição bacterianos envolvidos em homeostase de metais, estresse oxidativo e virulência: investigando como Chromobacterium violaceum muda do ambiente para o hospedeiro
• Beneficiário: José Freire da Silva Neto
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores - Fase 2
• Processo FAPESP: 18/01388-6 - Homeostase de ferro em Chromobacterium violaceum: mecanismos regulatórios, sistemas de captação e papel em virulência
• Beneficiário: José Freire da Silva Neto
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular