Spatial distance and climate determine modularity in a cross-biomes plant-hummingbird interaction network in Brazil

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Araujo, Andrea ^[1] ; Martin Gonzalez, Ana ^{[2, 3]} ; Sandel, Brody ^[4] ; Maruyama, Pietro ^{[5, 6]} ; Fischer, Erich ^[1] ; Vizentin-Bugoni, Jeferson ^[7] ; de Araujo, Francielle ^[8] ; Coelho, Aline ^[9] ; Faria, Rogerio ^[10] ; Kohler, Glauco ^[11] ; Las-Casas, Flor ^[12] ; Lopes, Ariadna ^[13] ; Machado, Adriana ^[6] ; Machado, Caio ^[9] ; Machado, Isabel ^[13] ; McGuire, Jimmy ^[14] ; Moura, Alan ^[9] ; Oliveira, Genilda ^[15] ; Oliveira, Paulo ^[6] ; Rocca, Marcia ^[16] ; Rodrigues, Licleia ^[17] ; Rodrigues, Marcos ^[17] ; Rui, Ana ^[18] ; Sazima, Ivan ^[19] ; Sazima, Marlies ^[20] ; Varassin, Isabela ^[21] ; Wang, Zhiheng ^{[22, 23]} ; Dalsgaard, Bo ^[2] ; Svenning, Jens-Christian ^{[24, 25]}

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^[1] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Inst Biociencias, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS - Brazil

^[2] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Copenhagen - Denmark

^[3] Pacific Ecoinformat & Computat Ecol Lab, Berkeley, CA - USA

^[4] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Biol, Santa Clara, CA 95053 - USA

^[5] Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Biol Vegetal, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[6] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, Uberlandia, MG - Brazil

^[7] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL - USA

^[8] Univ Estadual Rio Grande do Sul, Unidade Sao Francisco Paula, Assis Brazil, RS - Brazil

^[9] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ornitol, Feira De Santana, Bahia - Brazil

^[10] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus Aquidauana, Aquidauana, MS - Brazil

^[11] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas - Brazil

^[12] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Zool, Recife, PE - Brazil

^[13] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Bot CCB, Recife, PE - Brazil

^[14] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 - USA

^[15] Inst Fed Brasilia, Brasilia, DF - Brazil

^[16] Univ Fed Sergipe, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, Dept Ecol, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe - Brazil

^[17] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, ICB, Dept Zool, Lab Ornitol, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

^[18] Univ Fed Pelotas, IB, Dept & Ecol Genet & Zool, Lab Ecol Aves & Mamiferos, Capao Do Leao, RS - Brazil

^[19] Univ Estadual Campinas, Museu Zool, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[20] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Vegetal, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[21] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Bot, Lab Ecol Vegetal, Curitiba, Parana - Brazil

^[22] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Dept Ecol, Beijing - Peoples R China

^[23] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing - Peoples R China

^[24] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Sect Ecoinformat & Biodivers, Aarhus C - Denmark

^[25] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ctr Biodivers Dynam Changing World BIOCHANGE, Aarhus C - Denmark

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Journal of Biogeography; v. 45, n. 8, p. 1846-1858, AUG 2018.
• Citações Web of Science: 4

Resumo

AimWe examined the effects of space, climate, phylogeny and species traits on module composition in a cross-biomes plant-hummingbird network. LocationBrazil, except Amazonian region. MethodsWe compiled 31 local binary plant-hummingbird networks, combining them into one cross-biomes metanetwork. We conducted a modularity analysis and tested the relationship between species' module membership with traits, geographical location, climatic conditions and range sizes, employing random forest models. We fitted reduced models containing groups of related variables (climatic, spatial, phylogenetic, traits) and combinations of groups to partition the variance explained by these sets into unique and shared components. ResultsThe Brazilian cross-biomes network was composed of 479 plant and 42 hummingbird species, and showed significant modularity. The resulting six modules conformed well to vegetation domains. Only plant traits, not hummingbird traits, differed between modules, notably plants' growth form, corolla length, flower shape and colour. Some modules included plant species with very restricted distributions, whereas others encompassed more widespread ones. Widespread hummingbirds were the most connected, both within and between modules, whereas widespread plants were the most connected between modules. Among traits, only nectar concentration had a weak effect on among-module connectivity. Main conclusionsClimate and spatial filters were the main determinants of module composition for hummingbirds and plants, potentially related to resource seasonality, especially for hummingbirds. Historical dispersal-linked contingency, or environmental variations not accounted for by the explanatory factors here evaluated, could also contribute to the spatial component. Phylogeny and morphological traits had no unique effects on the assignment of species to modules. Widespread species showed higher within- and/or among-module connectivity, indicating their key role connecting biomes, and, in the case of hummingbirds, communities within biomes. Our results indicate that biogeography and climate not only determine the variation of modularity in local plant-animal networks, as previously shown, but also affect the cross-biomes network structure. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 15/21457-4 - Ligando padrões macroecológicos em redes ecológicas a atributos funcionais das espécies: redes de plantas e beija-flores Nas Américas
• Beneficiário: Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama Mendonça
• Linha de fomento: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado