Efficacies of insecticide dog collars against visceral leishmaniasis in low and high-income areas and the effects for non-collared neighbor dogs

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Matsumoto, Patricia Sayuri Silvestre ; Taniguchi, Helena Hilomi ; Pereira, Virginia Bodela Richini ; Hiramoto, Roberto Mitsuyoshi ; Rampazzi, Karla Leticia Seviero ; Barbosa, Jose Eduardo de Raeffray ; Neto, Roldao Antonio Puci ; Camprigher, Valeria Medina ; Cortez, Luiz Ricardo Paes de Barros ; Rahaman, Khan Rubayet ; Novak, Mathew ; Tolezano, Jose Eduardo

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Acta Tropica; v. 235, p. 9-pg., 2022-08-19.

Resumo

Previous studies demonstrated that insecticide collars are highly effective in reducing canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL); however, it is unclear if the efficacy differs by socioeconomic conditions across diverse communities. This study aimed fourfold: (i) to evaluate the protection of 4% impregnated deltamethrin collared (DMC) dogs in different areas of an endemic city for visceral leishmaniasis (VL); (ii) to analyze socioeconomic variables with the seroconversion rates; (iii) to analyze the indirect effect of DMC on untreated dogs in areas of intervention; and, (iv) to evaluate the potential transmission to other dogs in the same household when one positive dog is present. The study employed the municipality of Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil, as the area of interest and used Geographic Information System tools to fit binary logistic regression models. Dogs were divided into three cohort studies: intervention with DMC (I), indirect effect of DMC (IE), and control (C). Pre-intervention, lower mean income was associated with higher rates of CVL and a 142% increase in the odds of transmission (OR = 1.42, p-value = 0.001, CI 1.14,1.77). Post-intervention, lower-income areas depicted greater efficacy (76%) than higher-income areas (45%). The overall efficacy of DMC in preventing CVL was 63%; however, seroconversion rates were higher for IE (6.02%) than C (3.78%), revealing the failure of the indirect protection of DMC to manage the spread of the disease among the general non-wearing DMC canine population living in the same area. The protected dogs may repel the vectors, and non-protected dogs attract them, creating a higher transmission rate for non-protected dogs. Greater seroconversion was observed for living with an infected dog (10.20% in IE and 8.75% in C) than for the indirect effect of DMC, demonstrating the social burden of CVL. Overall, uncollared dogs have three times higher odds of being infected with CVL than DMC dogs (p < 0.005), and uncollared dogs living with (an) infected dog(s) in the same household can reach 3.5 times higher odds than those living with negative ones (p < 0.005). The results may assist in enhancing public policies and minimizing inequality in low and middle-income countries that suffer from neglected diseases such as VL. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 21/08630-0 - O uso de geotecnologias na saúde: análise espacial de fenômenos de base laboratorial
• Beneficiário: Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Exterior - Estágio de Pesquisa - Pós-Doutorado
• Processo FAPESP: 17/50333-7 - Plano de desenvolvimento institucional em pesquisa do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (PDIp)
• Beneficiário: Carlos Henrique Camargo
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa Modernização de Institutos Estaduais de Pesquisa
• Processo FAPESP: 21/03872-5 - Gerenciamento de dados para análises espaciais em saúde: geotecnologias como ferramentas para auxiliar no controle da leishmaniose visceral
• Beneficiário: Karla Letícia Seviero Rampazzi
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Programa Capacitação - Treinamento Técnico
• Processo FAPESP: 18/25889-4 - Inovações tecnológicas em saúde para o diagnóstico e controle da leishmaniose visceral no município de Bauru, estado de São Paulo, Brasil
• Beneficiário: José Eduardo Tolezano
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas
• Processo FAPESP: 19/22246-8 - Uso de geotecnologias em saúde: análise espacial de fenômenos da vigilância de base laboratorial: Leishmanioses no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
• Beneficiário: Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Pós-Doutorado