Exploring Viral Metagenomics in Pediatric Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections: Unveiling Pathogens beyond SARS-CoV-2

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de Campos, Gabriel Montenegro ; Lima de La-Roque, Debora Glenda ; Jeronimo Lima, Alex Ranieri ; Zucherato, Victoria Simionatto ; de Carvalho, Eneas ; Oliveira de Lima, Loyze Paola ; Cattony Neto, Pedro de Queiroz ; dos Santos, Murilo Marconi ; Ciccozzi, Massimo ; Giovanetti, Marta ; Haddad, Rodrigo ; Junior Alcantara, Luiz Carlos ; Elias, Maria Carolina ; Sampaio, Sandra Coccuzzo ; Covas, Dimas Tadeu ; Kashima, Simone ; Slavov, Svetoslav Nanev

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: MICROORGANISMS; v. 11, n. 11, p. 10-pg., 2023-11-01.

Resumo

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent pandemic have prompted extensive diagnostic and clinical efforts to mitigate viral spread. However, these strategies have largely overlooked the presence of other respiratory viruses. Acute respiratory diseases in pediatric patients can be caused by a diverse range of viral agents, and metagenomics represents a powerful tool for their characterization. This study aimed to investigate the viral abundance in pediatric patients with acute respiratory symptoms who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron pandemic wave. To achieve this, viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing were employed on 96 nasopharyngeal swab samples, which were organized into 12 pools, with each pool consisting of eight individual samples. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the most prevalent viruses associated with acute disease in pediatric patients were respiratory syncytial virus (detected in all pools) and enteroviruses, which are known to cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. Additionally, clinically significant viruses such as mumps orthorubulavirus, human metapneumovirus, influenza A, and a wide array of human herpesviruses (1, 3-7) were identified. These findings highlight the extensive potential of viral metagenomics in identifying viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 that contribute to acute infections in children. Consequently, this methodology should garner clinical attention in terms of differential diagnosis and the development of public policies to address such conditions in the global pediatric population. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 22/00910-6 - Desenvolvimento e aplicação de pipelines de bioinformática para análise metagenômica viral em amostras clínicas
• Beneficiário: Gabriel Montenegro de Campos
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Iniciação Científica
• Processo FAPESP: 17/23205-8 - Avaliação do impacto de vírus emergentes e re-emergentes em hemoterapia e transplante de células-tronco por meio de técnicas moleculares avançadas
• Beneficiário: Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores
• Processo FAPESP: 21/11944-6 - Contínuo aprimoramento de vacinas: Centro para Vigilância Viral e Avaliação Sorológica (CeVIVAS)
• Beneficiário: Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio Vessoni
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Centros de Ciência para o Desenvolvimento
• Processo FAPESP: 18/15826-5 - Avaliação do impacto de vírus emergentes e re-emergentes em hemoterapia e transplante de células-tronco por meio de técnicas moleculares avançadas
• Beneficiário: Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Jovens Pesquisadores
• Processo FAPESP: 21/09446-8 - Aplicação da tecnologia portátil de sequenciamento minion para a análise do metagenoma viral
• Beneficiário: Victória Simionatto Zucherato
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado