Sympathetic outflow activates the venom gland of the snake Bothrops jararaca by regulating the activation of transcription factors and the synthesis of venom gland proteins

Autor(es)

Luna, Milene S. A. ^[1] ; Hortencio, Thiago M. A. ^[1] ; Ferreira, Zulma S. ^[2] ; Yamanouye, Norma ^[1]

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Inst Butantan, Farmacol Lab, BR-05503900 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: Journal of Experimental Biology; v. 212, n. 10, p. 1535-1543, MAY 15 2009.
• Citações Web of Science: 10

Resumo

The venom gland of viperid snakes has a central lumen where the venom produced by secretory cells is stored. When the venom is lost from the gland, the secretory cells are activated and new venom is produced. The production of new venom is triggered by the action of noradrenaline on both alpha(1)- and beta-adrenoceptors in the venom gland. In this study, we show that venom removal leads to the activation of transcription factors NF kappa B and AP-1 in the venom gland. In dispersed secretory cells, noradrenaline activated both NF kappa B and AP-1. Activation of NF kappa B and AP-1 depended on phospholipase C and protein kinase A. Activation of NF kappa B also depended on protein kinase C. Isoprenaline activated both NF kappa B and AP-1, and phenylephrine activated NF kappa B and later AP-1. We also show that the protein composition of the venom gland changes during the venom production cycle. Striking changes occurred 4 and 7 days after venom removal in female and male snakes, respectively. Reserpine blocks this change, and the administration of alpha(1)- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists to reserpine-treated snakes largely restores the protein composition of the venom gland. However, the protein composition of the venom from reserpinized snakes treated with alpha(1)- or beta-adrenoceptor agonists appears normal, judging from SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. A sexual dimorphism in activating transcription factors and activating venom gland was observed. Our data suggest that the release of noradrenaline after biting is necessary to activate the venom gland by regulating the activation of transcription factors and consequently regulating the synthesis of proteins in the venom gland for venom production. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 04/11611-1 - Inervação noradrenérgica na dinâmica da glândula de veneno da serpente Bothrops jararaca
• Beneficiário: Milene Schmidt do Amaral e Luna
• Modalidade de apoio: Bolsas no Brasil - Mestrado
• Processo FAPESP: 07/50083-9 - Mecanismos celulares envolvidos na produção e secreção de veneno: sistema nervoso simpático na glândula de veneno e na glândula acessória da serpente Bothrops jararaca
• Beneficiário: Norma Yamanouye
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular
• Processo FAPESP: 02/00422-8 - Estudo molecular e da sinalização intracelular dos adrenoceptores envolvidos na síntese e secreção de veneno em glândula de veneno da serpente Bothrops jararaca
• Beneficiário: Norma Yamanouye
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Regular