Neural stem cell differentiation into mature neurons: Mechanisms of regulation and biotechnological applications

Autor(es)

Vieira, Mariana S. ^{[1, 2]} ; Santos, Anderson K. ^[1] ; Vasconcellos, Rebecca ^{[1, 2]} ; Goulart, Vania A. M. ^[1] ; Parreira, Ricardo C. ^{[1, 2]} ; Kihara, Alexandre H. ^[3] ; Ulrich, Henning ^[4] ; Resende, Rodrigo R. ^{[1, 2]}

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencia Biol, Dept Bioquim & Imunol, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

^[2] Inst Nanocell, Divinopolis, MG - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed ABC, Ctr Matemat Comput & Cognicao, Sao Bernardo Do Campo, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Bioquim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

• Tipo de documento: Artigo de Revisão
• Fonte: BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES; v. 36, n. 7, p. 1946-1970, NOV 15 2018.
• Citações Web of Science: 9

Resumo

The abilities of stern cells to self-renew and form different mature cells expand the possibilities of applications in cell based therapies such as tissue recomposition in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to stem cells found in the embryo, various adult organs and tissues have niches of stem cells in an undifferentiated state. In the central nervous system of adult mammals, neurogenesis occurs in two regions: the subventricular zone and the dentate gyros in the hippocampus. The generation of the different neural lines originates in adult neural stem cells that can self-renew or differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons in response to specific stimuli. The regulation of the fate of neural stem cells is a finely controlled process relying on a complex regulatory network that extends from the epigenetic to the translational level and involves extracellular matrix components. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying how the process of neurogenesis is induced, regulated, and maintained will provide elues for development of novel for strategies for neurodegenerative therapies. In this review, we focus on describing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the neuronal differentiation process by transcription factors, microRNAs, and extracellular matrix components. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 12/50880-4 - Células-tronco: dos papéis de receptores de cininas e purinas às aplicações terapêuticas
• Beneficiário: Alexander Henning Ulrich
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Temático