A closer look at pupil diversity and evolution in frogs and toads

Autor(es)

Cervino, Nadia G. ^[1] ; Elias-Costa, Agustin J. ^[1] ; Pereyra, Martin O. ^[2] ; Faivovich, Julian ^{[3, 1]}

Afiliação do(s) autor(es)

^[1] Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Div Herpetol, Av Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[2] Univ Nacl Misiones UNaM, Inst Biol Subtrop IBS, Lab Genet Evolut Claudio J Bidau, CONICET, Posadas, Misiones - Argentina

^[3] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol Expt, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

• Tipo de documento: Artigo Científico
• Fonte: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; v. 288, n. 1957 AUG 25 2021.
• Citações Web of Science: 0

Resumo

The eyes of frogs and toads (Anura) are among their most fascinating features. Although several pupil shapes have been described, the diversity, evolution, and functional role of the pupil in anurans have received little attention. Studying photographs of more than 3200 species, we surveyed pupil diversity, described their morphological variation, tested correlation with adult habits and diel activity, and discuss major evolutionary patterns considering iris anatomy and visual ecology. Our results indicate that the pupil in anurans is a highly plastic structure, with seven main pupil shapes that evolved at least 116 times during the history of the group. We found no significant correlation between pupil shape, adult habits, and diel activity, with the exception of the circular pupil and aquatic habits. The vertical pupil arose at least in the most-recent common ancestor of Anura + Caudata, and this morphology is present in most early-diverging anuran clades. Subsequently, a horizontal pupil, a very uncommon shape in vertebrates, evolved in most neobatrachian frogs. This shape evolved into most other known pupil shapes, but it persisted in a large number of species with diverse life histories, habits, and diel activity patterns, demonstrating a remarkable functional and ecological versatility. (AU)

• Processo FAPESP: 18/15425-0 - Uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o estudo da diversificação dos anfíbios: fase 2
• Beneficiário: Taran Grant
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Jovens Pesquisadores - Fase 2
• Processo FAPESP: 13/50741-7 - Diversidade e conservação dos anfíbios brasileiros
• Beneficiário: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad
• Modalidade de apoio: Auxílio à Pesquisa - Programa BIOTA - Temático