Evaluation of virtual planning in orthognathic surgeries using augmented reality (AR)

• Grant number: 25/03900-0
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants
• Start date: August 01, 2025
• End date: July 31, 2027
• Field of knowledge: Health Sciences - Dentistry - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Principal Investigator: Ricardo Grillo
• Grantee: Ricardo Grillo
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Odontologia (FO). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Paulo , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Orthognathic surgery is essential for correcting skeletal discrepancies of the maxilla and mandible, providing both functional and aesthetic benefits. However, the complexity of these procedures requires highly precise planning, especially in cases of severe asymmetries and significant alterations in the occlusal plane. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) has been widely adopted to enhance the predictability of outcomes, and augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a promising technology to optimize this stage. AR enables the overlay of interactive three-dimensional models onto the real surgical field, aiding in the visualization and positioning of the maxilla and mandible while reducing risks by identifying critical neurovascular structures. However, its application in orthognathic surgery still lacks standardization and clinical validation. Thus, this study aims to develop a protocol for integrating AR glasses into virtual planning, focusing on the three-dimensional analysis of osteotomies and the identification of relevant anatomical structures. This experimental and prospective study will be conducted exclusively with simulated anatomical models. The protocol will be developed through the acquisition and processing of computed tomography scans, segmentation into 3D models, biomodel printing, and AR integration. The precise overlay of virtual projections onto physical models will be assessed using specialized software to ensure compatibility and accuracy. The surgical team will test the technology through simulations, evaluating the clarity of projections, ease of use, and setup time. The expected outcomes will contribute to the safe integration of AR into virtual planning, providing greater predictability and safety in orthognathic surgeries while serving as a foundation for future clinical studies. (AU)