METHODOLOGY TO MAP ICE-FREE ZONES IN THE ANTARCTIC REGION USING SATELLITE IMAGES

• Grant number: 23/16874-1
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• Start date: August 01, 2024
• End date: February 29, 2028
• Field of knowledge: Physical Sciences and Mathematics - Geosciences
• Principal Investigator: Erivaldo Antonio da Silva
• Grantee: Eduardo Soares Nascimento
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT). Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Campus de Presidente Prudente. Presidente Prudente , SP, Brazil

Abstract

The Antarctic region, containing around 90% of the Earth's ice mass, plays a crucial role in the planet's energy balance. Its sensitivity to climate variations makes it fundamental to global climate systems. Increasing climate change has accelerated ice melting in Antarctica, contributing to rising sea levels. The distinction between snow, ice and ice-free areas is essential for mapping, maritime navigation and research in glaciology, geology and geomorphology. The global scientific community has explored aspects of the Antarctic region through remote sensing, ranging from identifying bird populations to analyzing geomorphological processes associated with proglacial environments. However, specific studies mapping ice-free areas in Antarctica have limitations, leading to the need for improved methodologies. Therefore, this research aims to develop a robust methodology using Landsat satellite images to map ice, snow and ice-free areas in Antarctica from the mid-1980s to the present. The main focus is on ice-free areas, whose evolution has profound implications correlated to the reduction of ice-covered areas due to melting. Although the project does not directly address climate change, it is intrinsically linked. Creating a precise methodology will allow mapping and observation over time, providing an understanding of the impacts of rising temperatures and melting ice in Antarctica. The current global scenario highlights the growing awareness of the importance of research and action about climate change. The project is aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 13: Climate Action. Brazil, actively engaged in initiatives such as the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR) and a consultative member of the Antarctic Treaty, reinforces its commitment through National Decree No. 11,096.