PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNANIC ASPECTS OF INTRANASAL AND INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION OF AZAPERONE, MIDAZOLAM AND KETAMINE ASSOCIATION IN SWINE (Sus scrofa domesticus)

• Grant number: 23/14686-3
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• Start date: November 01, 2024
• End date: April 30, 2026
• Field of knowledge: Agronomical Sciences - Veterinary Medicine
• Principal Investigator: Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória
• Grantee: Isabela Peixoto Rabelo
• Host Institution: Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Pirassununga , SP, Brazil

Abstract

The use of animal models has been fundamental to advancements of therapeutic medicine. Pigs are the species of choice for many studies, due to its anatomical, physiological, and genomic similarities with humans. Animal welfare is the researcher's responsibility and is critical to obtaining reliable results. Pigs are not very tolerant of physical restraint, which can lead to serious consequences such as hyperthermia and respiratory distress. Chemical restraint minimizes stress and can be associated with local anesthesia for surgical procedures. The intramuscular route is commonly used for drug administration, but it can cause pain and damage muscle tissues destinated to meat chain. The intravenous route is challenging due to the lack of superficial veins and are difficult to access in the conscious animal. This study seeks to employ intranasal administration as a non-invasive alternative, understanding that absorption can occur in a way that produces effects in a short period of time and allows the handling of patients for procedures or even for the complementation of general and/or local anesthesia. We aim to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects between intranasal and intramuscular administration of the combination of azaperone-midazolam-ketamine in adult pigs.