Integration of Nanotechnology and Biocontrol for the Sustainable Management of Soybean Asian Rust

• Grant number: 24/23348-7
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• Start date: May 01, 2025
• End date: April 30, 2028
• Field of knowledge: Physical Sciences and Mathematics - Physics - Condensed Matter Physics
• Principal Investigator: Valtencir Zucolotto
• Grantee: Ludimila Araujo Lodi
• Host Institution: Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC). Universidade de São Paulo (USP). São Carlos , SP, Brazil

Abstract

Soybeans (Glycine max), one of the main global agricultural commodities, are severely affected by Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. This pathogen can reduce productivity by up to 90%, leading to substantial economic losses and an increased dependence on chemical fungicides. However, the effectiveness of these fungicides has diminished due to the development of resistance by the fungus and the environmental impacts associated with their intensive use. This study proposes an innovative and sustainable liquid formulation for ASR control, combining RNA interference (RNAi) encapsulated in cationic chitosan nanoparticles with the biological agent Bacillus subtilis. The RNAi is designed to silence genes critical to the growth and reproduction of the fungus, while the nanoparticles ensure protection against environmental degradation, enhancing the stability and efficiency of the RNAi and enabling its compatibility with the biological product in a single formulation. Simultaneously, Bacillus subtilis will contribute by suppressing fungal growth and inducing systemic resistance in host plants. The application method will involve Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS), offering precision, environmental safety, and adaptability to varied agricultural conditions. The objectives include developing optimized nanoparticle systems, evaluating the compatibility between RNAi and B. subtilis, and validating the formulation in both laboratory and field settings. This approach aims to reduce dependence on chemical fungicides, mitigate environmental impacts, and provide a persistent solution for ASR control. Furthermore, it promotes sustainable agricultural practices and aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).