Abstract
Phthiraptera is an order of insect ectoparasites on birds and mammals and is divided into four suborders: Anoplura, Rhynchophthirina, Amblycera, and Ischnocera. The Amblycera and Ischnocera are known as chewing lice, and include four families distributed worldwide, comprising about 211 genera and 3900 species, all found exclusively on birds. Although Brazil has the third highest avian div…