Abstract
Astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and are classified as low grade diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III), and glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV). Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults, is characterized by high invasiveness and resistance to radio and chemotherapy. The Holliday Junct…