Abstract
Orthopedic implants can improve mobility and quality of life, but early or late infections can result in devastating consequences. Commonly biofilm-associated pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus are difficult to treat and eradicate with antibiotics. For diagnosis, the best microbiology approach so far has been the periprosthetic tissue cu…