Abstract
The high rates of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence may be related to the low effects of these therapies on the mechanisms of tissue repair, angiogenesis, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Nowadays, the most effective therapy for NMIBC is the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy associated with transurethral resection. However, BCG causes side effects of diffe…