Abstract
Neoplecostomus consists of 13 valid species. It was first proposed as a subgenus of Plecostomus by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1888), including the type species Plecostomus microps Steindachner, 1876, from Rio de Janeiro, rio Paraíba do Sul basin, and Hypostomus granosus Valenciennes, 1840, from Cayenne and Rio de Janeiro. The genus is diagnosed by having two or three conspicuous rows of enlar…