Abstract
In 2022, the global population reached 8 billion, with 55% residing in urban areas. Projections for 2050 anticipate a growth to 9.77 billion, with approximately 6.6 billion people (nearly 68% of the world's population) living in cities. Urban flooding emerges as a hazardous phenomenon affecting both developed and developing nations, endangering human lives, and causing damage to propertie…